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MICHELE MAFFEZZOLI^1,2,#, GIULIA CLAIRE GIUDICE^1,2,#,*, GIACOMO IOVANE^1,2, MARTINA MANINI^1,2, ELENA RAPACCHI¹, GIUSEPPE CARUSO¹, NICOLA SIMONI³, STEFANIA FERRETTI⁴, STEFANO PULIATTI⁴, DAVIDE CAMPOBASSO⁵, SEBASTIANO BUTI^1,2
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 741-757, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.057278 - 19 March 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy)
Abstract Background: immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC), significantly improving survival outcomes. However, a subset of patients do not respond to ICIs, prompting research into potential predictive factors. Commonly prescribed medications such as corticosteroids, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), antibiotics (Abs), antihypertensives, and analgesics may influence ICI effectiveness. Methods: we conducted a literature search on PubMed to investigate the impact of concomitant medications on the outcomes of patients with mUC, treated with ICIs. We selected the most relevant studies and performed a narrative review. Results: corticosteroids, PPIs and Abs have been associated More >

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GIULIANO BERNAL^*, GISELA AQUEA, SEBASTIÁN RAMÍREZ-RIVERA
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 759-779, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.057019 - 19 March 2025
Abstract Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in the world, with more than 9 million deaths in 2022, a number that continues to rise. This highlights the urgent need for the development of new drugs, with enhanced antitumor capabilities and fewer side effects. Metal-based drugs have been used in clinical practice since the late 1970s, beginning with the introduction of cisplatin. Later, two additional platinum-based molecules, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, were introduced, and all three continue to be widely used in the treatment of various cancers. However, despite their significant anticancer activity, the undesirable… More >

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KONTIC MILICA^1,2,*, MARKOVIC FILIP¹
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 781-793, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.057231 - 19 March 2025
Abstract Detecting lung cancer early is crucial for improving survival rates, yet it remains a significant challenge due to many cases being diagnosed at advanced stages. This review aims to provide advances in epigenetics which have highlighted DNA methylation patterns as promising biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and treatment response in lung cancer. Techniques like bisulfite conversion followed by PCR, digital droplet polymerase chain reaction, and next-generation sequencing are commonly used for detecting these methylation patterns, which occur early in the cancer development process and can be detected in non-invasive samples like blood and sputum. Key… More >

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174

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REVIEW

SHUANG ZHAO^1,#, HONGYONG WEN^2,#, BAIQI WANG², QINGLIN XIONG¹, LANXIN LI¹, AILAN CHENG^1,*
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 795-810, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.057317 - 19 March 2025
Abstract Approximately half of all cancers have p53 inactivating mutations, in addition to which most malignancies inactivate the p53 pathway by increasing p53 inhibitors, decreasing p53 activators, or inactivating p53 downstream targets. A growing number of researches have demonstrated that p53 can influence tumor progression through the tumor microenvironment (TME). TME is involved in the process of tumor development and metastasis and affects the clinical prognosis of patients. p53 participates in host immunity and engages in the immune landscape of the TME, but the specific mechanisms remain to be investigated. This review briefly explores the More >

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ZHIZHENG ZHANG^1,#, TAO LI^2,#, YUAN LI³, XI WANG⁴, HAO LIU⁵, XINYU SHEN⁵, ANN XU⁶, TIANSONG XIA^1,*, BO XU^7,*
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 811-819, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.050505 - 19 March 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Novel Targets and Biomarkers in Solid Tumors)
Abstract Background: Breast cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor affecting females, with treatment options including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy. Methods: This review synthesizes existing literature on breast cancer stem cells and their applications in breast cancer treatment. PubMed, Web of Science, and other relevant databases were systematically searched using keywords such as “breast cancer stem cells,” “immunotherapy,” “gene therapy,” and “cell therapy.” Studies published in English were included, and their findings were analyzed to provide insights into the characteristics and therapeutic potential of breast cancer stem cells. Results: Breast cancer stem cells exhibit unique properties More >

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167

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GUANTING PANG^1,4,#, YAOHAN LI^2,4,#, QIWEN SHI³, JINGKUI TIAN⁴, HANMEI LOU^4,5,*, YUE FENG^4,5,*
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 821-836, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.053772 - 19 March 2025
Abstract Immunotherapies have demonstrated notable clinical benefits in the treatment of cervical cancer (CC). However, the development of therapeutic resistance and diverse adverse effects in immunotherapy stem from complex interactions among biological processes and factors within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Advanced omic technologies offer novel insights into a more expansive and thorough layer of the TIME. Furthermore, integrating multidimensional omics within the frameworks of systems biology and computational methodologies facilitates the generation of interpretable data outputs to characterize the clinical and biological trajectories of tumor behavior. In this review, we present advanced omics technologies that More >

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174

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HENG ZHANG^1,#, XIAO YANG^2,#, YUJIN GUO³, HAIBO ZHAO⁴, PEI JIANG^5,*, QING-QING YU^3,*
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 837-849, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.053882 - 19 March 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: New Insights in Drug Resistance of Cancer Therapy: A New Wine in an Old Bottle)
Abstract As living conditions improve and diagnostic capabilities advance, the incidence of tumors has increased, with cancer becoming a leading cause of death worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are the most common treatments. Despite advances in treatment options, chemotherapy remains a routine first-line treatment for most tumors. Due to the continuous and extensive use of chemotherapy drugs, tumor resistance often develops, becoming a significant cause of treatment failure and poor prognosis. Recent research has increasingly focused on how long stranded non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) influence the development of malignant tumors and drug resistance by regulating gene expression More >

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175

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AMJAD YOUSUF¹, NAJEEB ULLAH KHAN^2,*
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 851-861, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.058956 - 19 March 2025
Abstract Breast cancer is a significant global concern, with limited effective treatment options. Therefore, therapies with high efficacy and low complications, unlike the existing chemotherapies, are urgently required. To address this issue, advances have been made in therapies targeting molecular pathways related to the murine double minute 2 proto-oncogene (MDM2)-tumor proteinp53 (TP53) interaction. This review aims to investigate the efficacy of MDM2 inhibition in restoring TP53 activity in breast cancer cells, as evidenced by clinical studies, reviews, and trials. TP53 is a tumor suppressor and MDM2 facilitates proteasomal degradation of TP53. MDM2 and TP53 activity More >

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156

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JIAHENG WEI¹, LIANGMING ZHU^2,*
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 863-872, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.054201 - 19 March 2025
Abstract Lung cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths globally, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the most prevalent histological subtype of lung cancer. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a crucial antioxidant enzyme that plays a role in regulating ferroptosis. It is also involved in a wide variety of biological processes, such as tumor cell growth invasion, migration, and resistance to drugs. This study comprehensively examined the role of GPX4 in NSCLC and investigated the clinical feasibility of targeting GPX4 for NSCLC treatment. We discovered that GPX4 influences the progression of NSCLC More >

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JI-SU HAN¹, HYE-JIN BOO¹, JIN WON HYUN¹, HEESANG SONG², IN-YOUB CHANG³, SANG-PIL YOON^1,4,*
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 873-884, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.052003 - 19 March 2025
Abstract Background: Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is the major degradation product of chitosan by enzymatic processes. COS, with complete water solubility, exerts significant biological effects, including anti-cancer activity. We investigated the anti-tumor effects of COS on colorectal cancer as effective therapeutic methods with low side effects are lacking. Methods: COS was obtained from low molecular weight chitosan by an enzymatic method and the anti-cancer effects were measured by cell viability assay, flow cytometry analysis, Western blotting, and xenograft. Results: COS suppressed the proliferation of SNU-C5 cells compared to other colorectal cancer cells, but higher concentrations were required in… More >

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LIZHI WANG¹, HUILIN SUN², GUIZHI YU¹, ZEJING QU¹, YING JI¹, YANPING CUI^1,*
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 885-894, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.051586 - 19 March 2025
Abstract Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by its aggressive nature and high propensity for brain metastases. This study investigates the clinical efficacy and safety profile of Anlotinib in combination with Stereotactic Radiotherapy (SRT) for treating brain metastases in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods: This research included 98 SCLC brain metastasis patients treated at Chengde Central Hospital from October 2020 to January 2024. The patients were categorized into a combined treatment group (CTG) (n = 45) and a Simple SRT group (SSG)(n = 53). The CTG (58 lesions) received Anlotinib with… More >

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163

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JIYUN PANG^1,2,#, WEIGANG XIU^1,#, YUEYUN CHEN⁴, WENJING LIAO^1,2, QIN ZHANG^3,*, HUASHAN SHI^4,*
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 895-904, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.053363 - 19 March 2025
Abstract Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is often accompanied by brain metastasis (BM), and the prognosis of patients with BM is poor. This study assesses the prognostic impact of BM in NSCLC patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 692 advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) at West China Hospital from 2015 to 2019. The overall survival rate (OS), progression-free survival rate (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and clinical parameters of the BM and non-BM groups were compared. Univariable and multivariable… More >

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171

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GUANGXIAN YOU¹, QIAO YANG², XIN LI², LILI CHEN^2,*
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 905-917, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.052089 - 19 March 2025
Abstract Background: Lung cancer remains a major factor causing cancer-associated mortality globally. While there have been advancements in treatment options, advanced lung cancer patients still have poor outcomes. This study aims to investigate the potential role of Transmembrane protein 33 (TMEM33) in the development of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: We leveraged The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to analyze the connection between TMEM33 expression to the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Cell proliferation, invasiveness, and sphere formation were analyzed by various experiments. The association of miR-214-3p with TMEM33 was explored using luciferase reporter assay, immunoblotting, and real-time… More >

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RIYAD F. ALZHRANI¹, LAMA BINOBAID², ABDULAZIZ A. ALORAINI¹, MESHAL S. ALSAHLI¹, AHMED H. BAKHEIT³, HANADI H. ASIRI³, SABRY M. ATTIA², ALI ALHOSHANI², GAMALELDIN I. HARISA^1,*
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 919-935, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.054537 - 19 March 2025
Abstract Objective: Prostate cancer (PCA) is the second most widespread cancer among men globally, with a rising mortality rate. Enzyme-responsive lipid nanoparticles (ERLNs) are promising vectors for the selective delivery of anticancer agents to tumor cells. The goal of this study is to fabricate ERLNs for dual delivery of gefitinib (GF) and simvastatin (SV) to PCA cells. Methods: ERLNs loaded with GF and SV (ERLNGFSV) were assembled using bottom-up and top-down techniques. Subsequently, these ERLN cargoes were coated with triacylglycerol, and phospholipids and capped with chitosan (CS). The ERLNGFSV, and CS engineered ERLNGFSV (CERLNGFSV) formulations were… More >

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CHRISTINA LOH¹, YUQI ZHENG¹, ISLAM ALZOUBI², KIMBERLEY L. ALEXANDER^3,4, MAGGIE LEE⁴, WEI-DONG CAI², YANG SONG⁵, KERRIE MCDONALD⁶, ANNA K. NOWAK⁷, RICHARD B. BANATI^8,9, MANUEL B. GRAEBER^1,4,10,*
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 937-950, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056436 - 19 March 2025
Abstract Background: Microglia and brain macrophages contribute significantly to the tumor microenvironment in highly malignant glioblastoma where they are considered important drivers of tumor progression. A better understanding of the role of the brain macrophages present in glioblastoma appears crucial for improving therapeutic outcomes, especially in the context of novel immunotherapeutic approaches. Methods: We investigated the regulation of two well-established markers for microglia and brain macrophages, IBA1 and CD163, in relation to glioblastoma tumor necrosis using immunohistochemistry and modality fusion heatmaps of whole slide images obtained from adjacent tissue sections. Results: IBA1 and CD163 showed remarkable differences… More >

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LUIZ FERNANDO LOPES SILVA^1,#, JULIETE NATHALI SCHOLL^1,#, AUGUSTO FERREIRA WEBER¹, CAMILA KEHL DIAS¹, PAULINE RAFAELA PIZZATO², VINíCIUS PIERDONá LIMA¹, JEAN SÉVIGNY^3,4, ANA MARIA OLIVEIRA BATTASTINI¹, FABRÍCIO FIGUEIRÓ^1,2,*
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 951-964, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.055508 - 19 March 2025
Abstract Objectives: Glioblastoma (GB) is a grade IV glial tumor characterized by high malignancy and dismal prognosis, primarily due to high recurrence rates and therapeutic resistance. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), regulates signaling pathways, including cell growth, proliferation, survival, migration, and cell death. Many cancers utilize immune checkpoints (ICs) to attenuate immune responses. CD73 is an enzyme that functions as an IC by hydrolyzing AMP to adenosine, suppressing immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. However, the role of CD73 in resistance to EGFR inhibitors is poorly understood. This study aims… More >

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DEMEI FENG^1,#, SHENRUI BAI^1,#, GUANJUN CHEN¹, BIBO FU¹, CAILU SONG¹, HAILIN TANG¹, LIANG WANG^2,*, HUA WANG^1,*
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 965-974, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.057065 - 19 March 2025
Abstract Objectives: The optimal treatment strategy for early-stage natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes and adverse events (AEs) associated with two treatment regimens for early-stage NKTCL: pegaspargase with concurrent radiation therapy (P+CCRT) and pegaspargase, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin (P-GEMOX) with sequential radiation therapy (SERT). Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to ensure balanced comparison between these regimens. Methods: We assessed the efficacy of P+CCRT from a phase II trial and P-GEMOX combined with SERT using real-world data. PSM was conducted at a 1:1 ratio with a caliper… More >

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BIAO WU^1,#, XIANLIN GUO^2,#, ZHISHI WU¹, LIANG CHEN^1,*, SUQING ZHANG^3,*
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 975-988, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.058085 - 19 March 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Signaling Pathway Crosstalk in Malignant Tumors: Molecular Targets and Combinatorial Therapeutics)
Abstract Objectives: Although Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is an important oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, its nuclear localization prevents it from being considered a potential therapeutic target. Recently, studies have reported that coatomer protein complex subunit beta 2 (COPB2) also plays a critical role in HCC development; however its mechanism of action is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of COPB2 and YAP1 in the progression of HCC and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: COPB2 and YAP1 expression in HCC tissues were first analyzed by database searches and immunohistochemistry. Nomogram and artificial… More >

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Oncology Research Editorial Office
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 989-989, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056912 - 19 March 2025
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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87

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Oncology Research Editorial Office
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 991-991, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056914 - 19 March 2025
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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80

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Oncology Research Editorial Office
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 993-993, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056915 - 19 March 2025
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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