Open Access
ISSN:2151-8629 (online)
Publication Frequency:Bi-monthly
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer is an open access and peer-reviewed online journal that provides a central vehicle for the exchange of basic ideas in heat and mass transfer between researchers and engineers around the globe. It disseminates information of permanent interest in the area of heat and mass transfer. Theory and fundamental research in heat and mass transfer, numerical simulations and algorithms, experimental techniques, and measurements as applied to all kinds of current and emerging problems are welcome. Contributions to the journal consist of original research on heat and mass transfer in equipment, thermal systems, thermodynamic processes, nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, energy and power applications, as well as security and related topics.
Emerging Source Citation Index (Web of Science): 2024 Impact Factor 0.7; Ei Compendex; Scopus Citescore (Impact per Publication 2024): 2.0; SNIP (Source Normalized Impact per Paper 2024): 0.336; Google Scholar; Open J-Gate, etc.
Open Access
REVIEW
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 1053-1089, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.066792 - 29 August 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer within Novel Cooling Structures)
Abstract With the increasing miniaturization of systems and surging demand for power density, accurate prediction and control of two-phase flow pressure drop have become a core challenge restricting the performance of microchannel heat exchangers. Pressure drop, a critical hydraulic characteristic, serves as both a natural constraint for cooling systems and determines the power required to pump the working fluid through microchannels. This paper reviews the characteristics, prediction models, and optimization measures of two-phase flow pressure drop for low-boiling-point working fluids in microchannels. It systematically analyzes key influencing factors such as fluid physical properties, operating conditions, channel… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 1091-1102, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.068244 - 29 August 2025
Abstract A new experimental method is developed to investigate the effect of dissolved substances on the evaporation rate of small water droplets suspended in the atmosphere. The laboratory setup is based on converting a generated droplet jet of complex structure into a directed flow of evaporating droplets falling in a vertical tube. Images of falling droplets captured by a high-speed camera through a window in the vertical channel wall are used to determine the sizes and velocities of individual droplets. The computational modeling of droplet motion and evaporation proved useful at all stages of the experimental… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 1103-1128, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.068181 - 29 August 2025
Abstract Bubble column reactors fitted with tube bundles (BCR TB) belong to common heat transfer equipment in the field of chemical engineering, yet the complicated thermal-hydraulics performance of BCR TB has not been deeply revealed. To fill this gap, the present study proposes a novel variable bubble size modeling approach based on the Euler-Euler two-fluid framework, which is coupled with the population balance model considering comprehensive interphase forces. On the basis of verifying numerical reliability using experimental data, the mechanism of bubble swarm flow around the tube bundle and the effects of gas sparger configurations on… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 1129-1149, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.067734 - 29 August 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Innovative Cooling Systems: Design, Optimization, and Applications)
Abstract Refrigeration systems are essential across various sectors, including food preservation, medical storage, and climate control. However, their high energy consumption and environmental impact necessitate innovative solutions to enhance efficiency while minimizing energy usage. This paper investigates the integration of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) into a vapor compression refrigeration system to enhance energy efficiency and temperature regulation for food preservation. A multifunctional prototype was tested under two configurations: (1) a standard thermally insulated room, and (2) the same room augmented with eutectic plates filled with either Glaceol (−10°C melting point) or distilled water (0°C melting point).… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 1151-1163, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.067925 - 29 August 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Heat and Mass Transfer: Integrating Numerical Methods with Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Data-Driven Approaches)
Abstract In concentric annular pipes, the difference in curvature between the inner and outer wall surfaces creates significant variations in the heat transfer characteristics of the two surfaces. The simplifications of the Dittus-Boelter equation for circular pipes make it unsuitable for the complex flow induced by the geometry and heat transfer coupling effects in annular pipes. This prevents it from accurately predicting the turbulent heat transfer in concentric annular pipes. This paper used realizable κ–ε and low Reynolds number models to conduct numerical simulations of turbulent convective heat transfer in concentric annular pipes and circular pipes.… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 1165-1183, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.067466 - 29 August 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Heat and Mass Transfer: Integrating Numerical Methods with Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Data-Driven Approaches)
Abstract This work presents a simulation analysis using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for the thermo-hydraulic behavior of staggered heat sinks whose fins have NACA 0040 airfoil profile. The results were compared with a conventional pin fin heat sink with a circular profile. This study searched for the best thermo-hydraulic performance by translational and rotational positioning of the fins. It is worth mentioning that this work was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, the thermo-hydraulic behavior of the heat sink was studied moving the location of the upper array above the X-axis from −2.25 to… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 1185-1201, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.067244 - 29 August 2025
Abstract The scroll expander, as the core component of the micro-compressed air energy storage and power generation system, directly affects the output efficiency of the system. Meanwhile, the scroll profile plays a central role in determining the output performance of the scroll expander. In this study, in order to investigate the output characteristics of a variable cross-section scroll expander, numerical simulation and experimental studies were conducted by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods and dynamic mesh techniques. The impact of critical parameters on the output performance of the scroll expander was analyzed through the utilization of… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 1203-1214, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.067598 - 29 August 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Issues of Hydro and Gas Dynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer in Mechanical Engineering and Energy)
Abstract Experimental research into the boiling-up of a free jet of superheated water discharging through a short cylindrical nozzle with sharp inlet and outlet edges into the atmosphere has been carried out. The change in the shape of a liquid jet has been traced through changes in thermodynamic parameters (temperature, pressure) along the saturation line in both the visible range and the infrared spectrum. The flow shapes corresponding to various modes of boiling-up have been identified. With thermal-imaging diagnostics, heterogeneities in the spray plume of a superheated liquid jet have been recorded and temperature distributions have More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 1215-1242, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.067373 - 29 August 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer within Novel Cooling Structures)
Abstract In this study, the flow boiling characteristics of R1234yf in parallel microchannels were experimentally investigated. The experiments were conducted with heat flux from 0 to 550 kW/m2, mass flux of 434, 727, and 1015 kg/(m2 s), saturation temperatures of 293, 298, and 303 K, and inlet sub-cooling of 5, 10, and 15 K. The analysis of the experimental results provides the following conclusions: a reduced mass flux and lower subcooling correspond to a diminished degree of superheat at the boiling inception wall; conversely, an elevated saturation temperature results in a reduced amount of superheat at the… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 1243-1260, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.066782 - 29 August 2025
Abstract The behavior of buoyancy-driven magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid flows with temperature-sensitive viscosity plays a pivotal role in high-performance thermal systems such as electronics cooling, nuclear reactors, and metallurgical processes. This study focuses on the boundary layer flow of a Casson-based sodium alginate Fe3O4 nanofluid influenced by magnetic field-dependent viscosity and thermal radiation, as it interacts with a vertically stretching sheet under dissipative conditions. To manage the inherent nonlinearities, Lie group transformations are applied to reformulate the governing boundary layer equations into similarity forms. These reduced equations are then solved via the Spectral Quasi-Linearization Method (SQLM), ensuring high More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 1261-1280, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.066473 - 29 August 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Loop Heat Pipe)
Abstract With the development of space-based remote sensing and deep space exploration technology, higher standards for temperature stability and uniformity of payloads have been proposed to spacecraft thermal control systems. As an efficient two-phase heat transfer device with active temperature control capabilities, the loop heat pipe (LHP) can be widely applied in spacecraft thermal control systems to achieve reliable temperature control under various operating modes and complex space thermal environments. This paper analyzes the fundamental theories of thermal switch-controlled, reservoir temperature-controlled, and bypass valve-controlled LHPs. The focus is on the theories and methods of achieving high-precision… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 1281-1302, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.066075 - 29 August 2025
Abstract Thermoelectric air conditioning systems based on the Peltier effect had two modes: heating and cooling. In this work, the proposed design provides continuous improvement in COP from the first minute of operation. In cooling mode, the coefficient of performance (COP) was 1.176 due to the techniques used in this device, and it increased to 1.24 in the last minute of operation. Concerning the steady-state scenario, from the first minute, the Qc was larger than the W for the entire duration of the operation. The output temperature reaches 18.97°C, and the temperature on the cold side reaches… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 1303-1321, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.065830 - 29 August 2025
Abstract To meet the demand for miniaturized, compact, high-reliability, and long-life cryocoolers in small satellite platforms, the development of a linear Stirling cryocooler has been undertaken. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation software was used to conduct simulation analyses, verifying the impact of porous media channel layout, eccentricity, viscous resistance coefficient of the porous media, and piston position on the designed aerostatic bearing piston employing self-supplied gas bearing technology. The calculation results indicate that both the aerostatic force and leakage increase synchronously with eccentricity, while the two designed gas lift channel layouts are capable of providing… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 1323-1350, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.065254 - 29 August 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Computational Thermo-Fluids and Nanofluids)
Abstract This study investigates laminar convection in three regimes (forced convection, mixed convection, and natural convection) of a bi-nanofluid (Cu-Al2O3-water)/mono-nanofluid (Al2O3-water) inside a square enclosure of sliding vertical walls which are kept at cold temperature and moving up, down, or in opposite directions. The enclosure bottom is heated partially by a central heat source of various sizes while the horizontal walls are considered adiabatic. The thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity are dependent on temperature and nanoparticle size. The conservation equations are implemented in the solver ANSYS R2 (2020). The numerical predictions are successfully validated by comparison with… More >
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