Safiullah Khan¹, Ali Raza^2,3, Seong Oun Hwang^4,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.2, pp. 3703-3719, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023476

Abstract Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have attracted growing interest in both academia and industry because they can provide a viable solution that improves road safety and comfort for travelers on roads. However, wireless communications over open-access environments face many security and privacy issues that may affect deployment of large-scale VANETs. Researchers have proposed different protocols to address security and privacy issues in a VANET, and in this study we cryptanalyze some of the privacy preserving protocols to show that all existing protocols are vulnerable to the Sybil attack. The Sybil attack can be used by malicious actors to create fake… More >

Dah-Jing Jwo^*, Kun-Chan Lee

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.2, pp. 3803-3820, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023442

Abstract The decentralized pre-filter based vector tracking loop (VTL) configuration with data wipe-off (DWO) method of the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver is proposed for performance enhancement. It is a challenging task to continuously track the satellites’ signals in weak signal environment for the GPS receiver. VTL is a very attractive technique as it can provide tracking capability in signal-challenged environments. In the VTL, each channel will not form a loop independently. On the contrary, the signals in the channels of VTL are shared with each other; the navigation processor in turn predicts the code phases. Thus, the receiver can successfully… More >

Abdelwahed Berguiga^*, Ahlem Harchay

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.2, pp. 3839-3851, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023399

Abstract The success of Internet of Things (IoT) deployment has emerged important smart applications. These applications are running independently on different platforms, almost everywhere in the world. Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), also referred as the healthcare Internet of Things, is the most widely deployed application against COVID-19 and offering extensive healthcare services that are connected to the healthcare information technologies systems. Indeed, with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, a large number of interconnected devices designed to create smart networks. These networks monitor patients from remote locations as well as tracking medication orders. However, IoT may be jeopardized by attacks… More >

Fayadh Alenezi^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.2, pp. 3425-3443, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023339

Abstract Image dehazing is still an open research topic that has been undergoing a lot of development, especially with the renewed interest in machine learning-based methods. A major challenge of the existing dehazing methods is the estimation of transmittance, which is the key element of haze-affected imaging models. Conventional methods are based on a set of assumptions that reduce the solution search space. However, the multiplication of these assumptions tends to restrict the solutions to particular cases that cannot account for the reality of the observed image. In this paper we reduce the number of simplified hypotheses in order to attain… More >

Sunwoo Hwang¹, Jaemin Park¹, Jongun Won², Yongjang Kwon³, Youngmin Kim^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.2, pp. 4167-4181, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023295

Abstract With the recent increase in the utilization of logistics and courier services, it is time for research on logistics systems fused with the fourth industry sector. Algorithm studies related to object recognition have been actively conducted in convergence with the emerging artificial intelligence field, but so far, algorithms suitable for automatic unloading devices that need to identify a number of unstructured cargoes require further development. In this study, the object recognition algorithm of the automatic loading device for cargo was selected as the subject of the study, and a cargo object recognition algorithm applicable to the automatic loading device is… More >

Lihua Zhu^1,*, Zhijian Xu¹, Yu Wang¹, Cheire Cheng²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.2, pp. 3179-3192, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023293

Abstract With the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicle technology, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in the field of agricultural plant protection. Compared with fuel-driven UAVs, electrically driven rotorcrafts have many advantages such as lower cost, simpler operation, good maneuverability and cleaner power, which them popular in the plant protection. However, electrical rotorcrafts still face battery problems in actual operation, which limits its working time and application. Aiming at this issue, this paper studied the influence of rotorcraft flight parameters on energy consumption through series of carefully designed flight experiments. First of all, the linear motion experiments have… More >

Ali Raza^1,2,*, Dumitru Baleanu^3,4, Muhammad Rafiq⁵, Syed Zaheer Abbas⁶, Abubakar Siddique⁶, Umer Javed⁸, Mehvish Naz⁷, Arooj Fatima⁶, Tayyba Munawar⁶, Hira Batool⁶, Zaighum Nazir⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.2, pp. 3621-3634, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023286

Abstract Cancer is a common term for many diseases that can affect any part of the body. In 2020, ten million people will die due to cancer. A worldwide leading cause of death is cancer by the World Health Organization (WHO) report. Interaction of cancer cells, viral therapy, and immune response are identified in this model. Mathematical and computational modeling is an effective tool to predict the dynamics of cancer virotherapy. The cell population is categorized into three parts like uninfected cells (x), infected cells (y), virus-free cells (v), and immune cells (z). The modeling of cancer-like diseases is based on… More >

Prohim Tam¹, Sa Math¹, Ahyoung Lee², Seokhoon Kim^1,3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.2, pp. 3319-3335, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023215

Abstract Federated learning (FL) activates distributed on-device computation techniques to model a better algorithm performance with the interaction of local model updates and global model distributions in aggregation averaging processes. However, in large-scale heterogeneous Internet of Things (IoT) cellular networks, massive multi-dimensional model update iterations and resource-constrained computation are challenging aspects to be tackled significantly. This paper introduces the system model of converging software-defined networking (SDN) and network functions virtualization (NFV) to enable device/resource abstractions and provide NFV-enabled edge FL (eFL) aggregation servers for advancing automation and controllability. Multi-agent deep Q-networks (MADQNs) target to enforce a self-learning softwarization, optimize resource allocation… More >

Wenzheng Yu¹, Jintao Cui², Yang Gao¹, Mingxuan Zhu¹, Li Shao³, Yanbo Shen^4,5,*, Xiaozhao Zhang⁶, Chen Guo⁷, Hanxiaoya Zhang⁸

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.2, pp. 3635-3646, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023195

Abstract Land desertification is a widely concerned ecological environment problem. Studying the evolution trend of desertification types is of great significance to prevent and control land desertification. In this study, we applied the decision tree classification method, to study the land area and temporal and spatial change law of different types of desertification in the North Bank of Qinghai Lake area from 1987 to 2014, based on the current land use situation and TM remote sensing image data of Haiyan County, Qinghai Province, The results show that the area of mild desertification land and moderate desertification land in the study area… More >

Lelisa Adeba Jilcha¹, Jin Kwak^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.2, pp. 2883-2899, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023167

Abstract In the contemporary world, digital content that is subject to copyright is facing significant challenges against the act of copyright infringement. Billions of dollars are lost annually because of this illegal act. The current most effective trend to tackle this problem is believed to be blocking those websites, particularly through affiliated government bodies. To do so, an effective detection mechanism is a necessary first step. Some researchers have used various approaches to analyze the possible common features of suspected piracy websites. For instance, most of these websites serve online advertisement, which is considered as their main source of revenue. In… More >