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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Reference Gene Selection for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analyses of Acer palmatum under Abiotic Stress

    Lu Zhu, Qiuyue Ma, Shushun Li, Jing Wen, Kunyuan Yan, Qianzhong Li*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 385-403, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09259

    Abstract Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) technology has been extensively used to estimate gene expression levels, and the selection of appropriate reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis is critically important for obtaining authentic normalized data. Acer palmatum is an important colorful leaf ornamental tree species, and reference genes suitable for normalization of the qRT-PCR data obtained from this species have not been investigated. In this study, the expression stability of ten candidate reference genes, namely, Actin3, Actin6, Actin9, EF1α, PP2A, SAMDC, TIP41, TUBα, TUBβ and UBQ10, in two distinct tissues (leaves and roots) of A. palmatum under four different abiotic stress… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    The Chloroplast Genome of Cerasus Campanulata Diverges from Other Prunoideae Genomes

    Yuhao Weng1, Liming Zhu2, Yan Ma3, Hao Su1, Lu Lu1, Pengkai Wang1, Jinhui Chen1, Asif Ali1, Renhua Zheng4,*, Jisen Shi1,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 375-384, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08831

    Abstract Cerasus Campanulata is one of several species belonging to the Prunoideae focke, a subfamily of the flowering plant Rosaceae. We investigated the details of its chloroplast genome which may reveal its genus independent of morphological determination. Here, we determined the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of C. campanulata and performed sequence analysis to reveal the presence of 18 forward repeats, 20 palindrome repeats, 2 complement repeats, 4 reverse repeats and 93 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). We additionally performed a comparative study of C. campanulata and seven other Prunoideae focke species. Then, maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analyses… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Tentative Identification of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities during Fruit-Ripening on Chamaedorea radicalis Mart.

    Gerardo Montelongo-Ruíz1, Yolanda del Rocio Moreno-Ramírez1, María Cruz Juárez-Aragón1, Nohemí Niño-García2, Reyna Ivonne Torres-Acosta2, Torres-Castillo Jorge Ariel1,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 361-373, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08499

    Abstract This work aims to determine the phytochemical characterization of the pericarp of Chamaedorea radicalis Mart. fruit as a non-timber product with potential to obtain phytochemicals with potential applications in the industry. Fruit from C. radicalis were grouped in four ripening stages named as S1, S2, S3 and S4, according to maturity; S1 the most unripe stage and S4 the completely ripe stage. Determinations of total phenolic compounds, free radical scavenging activities and total flavonoid contents using spectrophotometric methods were done. Also, the tentative identification of phytochemicals during fruit ripening was done using UPLC-MS-MS. Total phenolic compound (TPC) content ranged from… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Morpho-Anatomy of the Echium plantagineum L. (Boraginaceae) Diaspores in Relation with Water Uptake and Germination

    María Laura Molinelli*, Rocío Tarifa, Patricia Perissé

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 345-360, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08796

    Abstract Echium plantagineum (Boraginaceae) is native of the Mediterranean regions, has been introduced and become widespread within the American continent (North to South), South Africa, New Zealand and Australia. This plant has seed dormancy, aggressively spreads to infest vast areas of predominantly agricultural land and is considered a toxic weed to livestock. The objectives of this research were: (i) to study the morpho-anatomy of the diaspores of E. plantagineum; (ii) to identify the pathway of water uptake; and (iii) to characterize the germination and the seedling. The morpho-anatomical studies were carried out analyzing semi-permanent slides of transverse and longitudinal sections of… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Internal Reference Gene Selection for Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR Normalization in Potato Tissues

    Gang Li1, Yao Zhou2, Yaqi Zhao2, Yaxue Liu2, Yuwei Ke2, Xiaoqing Jin1, Haoli Ma1,2,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 329-344, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08874

    Abstract Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is widely used for investigating gene expression patterns and has many advantages, including its high sensitivity, fidelity, and specificity. Selecting a satisfactory internal reference gene is crucial for obtaining precise gene expression results in qRT-PCR analyses. In this study, the transcriptomic data of 2 potato varieties were screened for housekeeping genes with stable expression patterns. A total of 77 putative genes were selected, which were highly and stably expressed. Then, qRT-PCR analyses were performed to examine the expression levels of these 77 candidate reference genes in various potato tissues, including leaves, flowers, stolons, and tubers. Gene… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Cadmium-Induced Structure Change of Pigment Glands and the Reduction of the Gossypol Content in Cottonseed Kernels

    Ling Li1,*, Xuyu Yan1, Lei Mei2, Shuijin Zhu2

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 315-327, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09108

    Abstract The risk of cotton production on arable land contaminated with heavy metals has increased in recent years. Cotton shows stronger and more extensive resistance to heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd) than that of other major crops. Here, a potted plant experiment was performed to study Cd-induced alterations in the cottonseed kernel gossypol content and pigment gland structure at maturity in two transgenic cotton cultivars (ZD-90 and SGK3) and an upland cotton standard genotype (TM-1). The results showed that Cd accumulation in cottonseed kernels increased with increasing Cd levels in the soil. The seed kernel Cd content in plants grown… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Assessment of the Contribution of Foliar Trichomes towards Allelopathy

    Waseem Mushtaq1, M.B. Siddiqui1, Hesham F. Alharby2, Khalid Rehman Hakeem2,3,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 291-301, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08740

    Abstract Plant trichomes vary in their structure and cellular composition. Glandular trichomes contain a bulk of specific (secondary) metabolites of diverse nature. Trichomes are connected with various adaptive processes, which include protection against herbivores and pathogens as well. Our study investigates the allelopathic contribution of structures present on the leaf surface of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. against seedling growth of Cicer arietinum L. The infusion obtained after dipping Nicotiana leaves in Dichloromethane (DCM) for 10 seconds (s) was the most phytotoxic among all the infusions. The observed inhibition in Cicer growth was not only dependent on type of infusion but also the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Effects of Different Spectra from LED on the Growth, Development and Reproduction of Arabidopsis thaliana

    Tengyue Zou, Bing Wu, Wen Wu, Long Ge, Yong Xu*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 275-289, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09277

    Abstract Light is the major source of energy for plants and as such has a profound effect on plant growth and development. Red and blue lights have been considered to best drive photosynthetic metabolism and are beneficial for plant growth and development, and green light was seen as a signal to slow down or stop. In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) was used to investigate the effects of red, blue and green lights on the growth and development of plants from seed germination to seeding. Results demonstrated that red light showed a promotion effect but blue light a prohibition one in… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling Suggest that Invertase Genes Function in Silique Development and the Response to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Brassica napus

    Jingsen Liu1,2, Jinqi Ma1,2, Ai Lin1,2, Chao Zhang1,2, Bo Yang1,2, Liyuan Zhang1,2, Lin Huang1,2, Jiana Li1,2,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 253-273, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09334

    Abstract Invertase (INV), a key enzyme in sucrose metabolism, irreversibly catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose, thus playing important roles in plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. In this study, we identified 27 members of the BnaINV family in Brassica napus. We constructed a phylogenetic tree of the family and predicted the gene structures, conserved motifs, cis-acting elements in promoters, physicochemical properties of encoded proteins, and chromosomal distribution of the BnaINVs. We also analyzed the expression of the BnaINVs in different tissues and developmental stages in the B. napus cultivar Zhongshuang 11 using qRT-PCR. In… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Genome-Wide Identification of the F-box Gene Family and Expression Analysis under Drought and Salt Stress in Barley

    Lantian Zhang, Siyi Wang, Yuyu Chen, Mengyuan Dong, Yunxia Fang, Xian Zhang, Tao Tong, Ziling Zhang, Junjun Zheng, Dawei Xue*, Xiaoqin Zhang*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 229-251, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.10022

    Abstract The F-box protein-encoding gene family plays an essential role in plant stress resistance. In present study, 126 non-redundant F-box genes were identified in barley (Hordeum vulgare L., Hv). The corresponding proteins contained 165– 887 amino acid residues and all were amphiphilic, except 5 proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of F-box protein sequences in barley and stress-related F-box protein sequences in wheat and Arabidopsis thaliana (At) was used to classify barley F-box genes are divided into 9 subfamilies (A–I). A structure-based sequence alignment demonstrated that F-box proteins were highly conserved with a total of 10 conserved motifs. In total, 124 F-box genes were… More >

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