S. Dilip Kumar^1,*, T. V. Sivasubramonia Pillai²

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.41, No.1, pp. 19-33, 2022, DOI:10.32604/csse.2022.019366

Abstract Fuel is a very important factor and has considerable influence on the air quality in the environment, which is the heart of the world. The increase of vehicles in lived-in areas results in greater emission of carbon particles in the environment. Adulterated fuel causes more contaminated particles to mix with breathing air and becomes the main source of dangerous pollution. Adulteration is the mixing of foreign substances in fuel, which damages vehicles and causes more health problems in living beings such as humans, birds, aquatic life, and even water resources by emitting high levels of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and carbon… More >

Tong Gan¹, Shi-You Wang¹, Qiang Ma¹, Yi-Dong Jia^2,*, Yun-Yun Ma³

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.41, No.1, pp. 321-337, 2022, DOI:10.32604/csse.2022.019244

Abstract The rapid growth of mobile data traffic has caused great pressure on the limited spectrum resources, and there must be some better methods to deal with this problem. The innovative technology of Long-Term Evolution (LTE) using the unlicensed spectrum, known as LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U), has been proposed to effectively alleviate the shortage of authorized band resources. LTE-U has explored a lot of potential capacity in mobile communication systems with limited authorized spectrum resources, and improved the spectrum utilization of unauthorized frequency bands. However, LTE-U is still facing challenges in its application. In this paper, we summarize the key features of LTE-U… More >

Raman Kumar Goyal¹, Jaskirat Singh¹, Nidhi Kalra¹, Anshu Parashar^1,*, Gagan Singla², Sakshi Kaushal²

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.41, No.1, pp. 157-170, 2022, DOI:10.32604/csse.2022.018962

Abstract This paper proposes anoptimal fuzzy-based model for obtaining crisp priorities for Fuzzy-AHP comparison matrices. Crisp judgments cannot be given for real-life situations, as most of these include some level of fuzziness and complexity. In these situations, judgments are represented by the set of fuzzy numbers. Most of the fuzzy optimization models derive crisp priorities for judgments represented with Triangular Fuzzy Numbers (TFNs) only. They do not work for other types of Triangular Shaped Fuzzy Numbers (TSFNs) and Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers (TrFNs). To overcome this problem, a sum of squared error (SSE) based optimization model is proposed. Unlike some other methods,… More >

Karunanithi Praveen kumar, Perumal Sivanesan^*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.41, No.1, pp. 67-82, 2022, DOI:10.32604/csse.2022.018867

Abstract In this work, we propose a context-aware switching of routing protocol scheme for specific application requirements of IoT in real-time using a software-defined networking controller in wireless sensor networks. The work planned has two stages i) Selection of suitable routing protocol (RP) for given IoT applications using higher cognitive process and ii) Deployment of the corresponding routing protocol. We use the supervised learning-regression method for classification of the routing protocol while considering the network parameters like stability, path delay, energy utilization, and throughput. The chosen routing protocol will be set in the sensor network using a software-defined networking controller in… More >

Baiqing Zhou¹, Na Li^1,*, Duan Lu¹, Jinyue Xia²

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.41, No.1, pp. 127-140, 2022, DOI:10.32604/csse.2022.017750

Abstract With the rapid development of the economy, China’s environment has been damaged severely, which has attracted much attention from scholars and the local government. The concept of green development has been an underlying trend since 2012, and it is of great significance to explore the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality. Huzhou is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Zhejiang Province, and it is one of the 27 cities in the central area of the Yangtze River Delta. In recent years, this city develops well not only in economic development but also in maintaining a green environment. In… More >

Hongfei Wei^1,*, Hui Zhao², Xinlong Shi¹, Shuang Liang³

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.41, No.1, pp. 51-65, 2022, DOI:10.32604/csse.2022.017739

Abstract A laser beam is a heat source with a high energy density; this technology has been rapidly developed and applied in the field of welding owing to its potential advantages, and supplements traditional welding techniques. An in-depth analysis of its operating process could establish a good foundation for its application in China. It is widely understood that the welding process is a highly nonlinear and multi-variable coupling process; it comprises a significant number of complex processes with random uncertain factors. Because of their nonlinear mapping and self-learning characteristics, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have certain advantages in comparison to traditional methods… More >

MENGQIU CHENG^1,2, WEI CAO², GUODONG CAO¹, XIN XU^1,2,*, BO CHEN^1,*

BIOCELL, Vol.46, No.1, pp. 97-109, 2022, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2021.015608

Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancer worldwide. Although emerging evidence indicates that autophagy-related long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in the progression of GC, the prognosis of GC based on autophagy is still deficient. The Cancer Genome of Atlas stomach adenocarcinoma (TCGA-STAD) dataset was downloaded and separated into a training set and a testing set randomly. Then, 24 autophagy-related lncRNAs were found strongly associated with the survival of the TCGA-STAD dataset. 11 lncRNAs were selected to build the risk score model through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Every patient got… More >

JIANFEI GAO¹, KANGNING XIONG^2,*, WEIJIE LI¹, WEI ZHOU³

BIOCELL, Vol.46, No.1, pp. 285-296, 2022, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2021.016253

Abstract Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) is a woody wine plant with a peculiar fruit enriched in important health-promoting compounds. The non-editable part of the fruit, i.e., the seed and peel, represents more than 60% of the fruit and is considered a biowaste. This significantly restricts the development of the K. coccinea fruit industry. Clarifying the metabolic components of the different fruit parts can help to improve the utilization rate and valorization of K. coccinea. Herein, we evaluated K. coccinea fruit peel, pulp, and seed using widely-targeted metabolomics and quantified a set of 736 bioactive compounds from 11 major metabolite classes. The most… More >

PENG YANG^1,*, ZHIYING ZOU¹, XULING GAO²

BIOCELL, Vol.46, No.1, pp. 207-218, 2022, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2021.014728

Abstract Recent studies have shown that the microtubule disrupting protein Stathmin 1 (STMN1) is differentially expressed in AML patients and healthy control. The aim of this study was to explore the effects and molecular mechanism of STMN1 in AML. Here, the expression of STMN1 in peripheral blood cells (PBMCs) and bone marrow of AML patients and healthy volunteers was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. STMN1 expression was regulated by transfected with STMN1 overexpressed plasmid or shRNA in two human leukemia cell lines K562 and HL60. Cell proliferation was examined by CCK8 and Edu staining. Annexin V and TUNEL assays were… More >

JIANBO LU^1,2,#,*, XIAOHAN SUN^3,#, XU MA^1,2,*

BIOCELL, Vol.46, No.1, pp. 185-193, 2022, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2021.015301

Abstract The concentration of cell-free fetal DNA fragments should be detected before noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT). The fetal DNA molecules have significant clinical potential in determining the overall performance of NIPT and clinical interpretation. It is important to measure fetal DNA fraction before NIPT. However, there is still little research on how to calculate the concentration of female fetuses. Two estimation approaches were proposed to calculate fetal DNA fraction, including the fragments size-based approach, aneuploid-based approach, which are all approaches based on chromosome segments. Based on high-throughput sequencing data, two approaches to calculate the DNA fraction of male fetuses were tested… More >