Sanaa A. A. Ghaleb^1,3,4, Mumtazimah Mohamad¹, Syed Abdullah Fadzli¹, Waheed A.H.M. Ghanem^2,3,4,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.3, pp. 4749-4766, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020472

Abstract Spam has turned into a big predicament these days, due to the increase in the number of spam emails, as the recipient regularly receives piles of emails. Not only is spam wasting users’ time and bandwidth. In addition, it limits the storage space of the email box as well as the disk space. Thus, spam detection is a challenge for individuals and organizations alike. To advance spam email detection, this work proposes a new spam detection approach, using the grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) in training a multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifier for categorizing emails as ham and spam. Hence, MLP and… More >

Radek Martinek¹, Jan Baros¹, Rene Jaros¹, Lukas Danys^1,*, Jan Nedoma²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.3, pp. 4659-4676, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019904

Abstract This pilot study focuses on employment of hybrid LMS-ICA system for in-vehicle background noise reduction. Modern vehicles are nowadays increasingly supporting voice commands, which are one of the pillars of autonomous and SMART vehicles. Robust speaker recognition for context-aware in-vehicle applications is limited to a certain extent by in-vehicle background noise. This article presents the new concept of a hybrid system, which is implemented as a virtual instrument. The highly modular concept of the virtual car used in combination with real recordings of various driving scenarios enables effective testing of the investigated methods of in-vehicle background noise reduction. The study… More >

K. Karthikeyan^*, P. Madhavan

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.3, pp. 4183-4197, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019802

Abstract With the rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) based models, and the lack amount of data makes cloud computing resources insufficient. Hence, edge computing-based techniques are becoming more popular in present research domains that makes data storage, and processing effective at the network edges. There are several advanced features like parallel processing and data perception are available in edge computing. Still, there are some challenges in providing privacy and data security over networks. To solve the security issues in Edge Computing, Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) algorithm is used to provide solutions for preserving data from various attacks that… More >

Saba Awan¹, Zahid Mehmood^2,*, Hassan Nazeer Chaudhry³, Usman Tariq⁴, Amjad Rehman⁵, Tanzila Saba⁵, Muhammad Rashid⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.3, pp. 4609-4626, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019404

Abstract To determine the individual circumstances that account for a road traffic accident, it is crucial to consider the unplanned connections amongst various factors related to a crash that results in high casualty levels. Analysis of the road accident data concentrated mainly on categorizing accidents into different types using individually built classification methods which limit the prediction accuracy and fitness of the model. In this article, we proposed a multi-model hybrid framework of the weighted majority voting (WMV) scheme with parallel structure, which is designed by integrating individually implemented multinomial logistic regression (MLR) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifiers using three different… More >

Mamoona Humayun¹, NZ Jhanjhi^2,*, Maram Fahhad Almufareh¹, Muhammad Ibrahim Khalil³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.3, pp. 5039-5059, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019289

Abstract Security is critical to the success of software, particularly in today's fast-paced, technology-driven environment. It ensures that data, code, and services maintain their CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability). This is only possible if security is taken into account at all stages of the SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle). Various approaches to software quality have been developed, such as CMMI (Capability maturity model integration). However, there exists no explicit solution for incorporating security into all phases of SDLC. One of the major causes of pervasive vulnerabilities is a failure to prioritize security. Even the most proactive companies use the “patch and… More >

S. G. Siddharth^1,*, G. M. Tamilselvan², C. Venkatesh³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.3, pp. 5219-5234, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019252

Abstract In underground operation, primary consideration is safety. In recent decades, for minimizing accident and for preventing major economic losses and casualties, wireless sensors are used by various large mineral countries through early warning. The Improved DV-Hop Localization Algorithm (IDVHLA) is used in existing works for doing this. However, accurate anchor node detection is impossible in existing works with the malicious nodes presence, where there won't be any accurate sharing of anchor node's location information. In case of emergency situation, faster communication is a highly complex one. A technique called Modified Distance Vector Hop based Multipath Routing Protocol (MDVHMRP) is introduced… More >

Harsh Goud¹, Prakash Chandra Sharma², Kashif Nisar³, Ag. Asri Ag. Ibrahim^3,*, Muhammad Reazul Haque⁴, Narendra Singh Yadav², Pankaj Swarnkar⁵, Manoj Gupta⁶, Laxmi Chand⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.3, pp. 4409-4423, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019217

Abstract CSTR (Continuous stirred tank reactor) is employed in process control and chemical industries to improve response characteristics and system efficiency. It has a highly nonlinear characteristic that includes complexities in its control and design. Dynamic performance is compassionate to change in system parameters which need more effort for planning a significant controller for CSTR. The reactor temperature changes in either direction from the defined reference value. It is important to note that the intensity of chemical actions inside the CSTR is dependent on the various levels of temperature, and deviation from reference values may cause degradation of biomass quality. Design… More >

Rachele Allena^1,*, Denis Aubry²

Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.19, No.1, pp. 1-16, 2022, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2022.018958

Abstract Cells adapt to their environment and stimuli of different origin. During confined migration through sub-cellular and sub-nuclear pores, they can undergo large strains and the nucleus, the most voluminous and the stiffest organelle, plays a critical role. Recently, patterned microfluidic devices have been employed to analyze the cell mechanical behavior and the nucleus self-deformations. In this paper, we present an in silico model to simulate the interactions between the cell and the underneath microstructured substrate under the effect of the sole gravity. The model lays on mechanical features only and it has the potential to assess the contribution of the… More >

Abdossaleh Zar¹, Fatemeh Ahmadi¹, Forouzan Karimi^2,*, Mozhgan Ahmadi³, Roger Ramsbottom⁴

Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.19, No.1, pp. 51-59, 2022, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2022.018345

Abstract The effect of resistance training and a herbal supplement on muscular signaling pathways are limited. We investigated the expression of IL-6, Gp130, JAK and STAT after resistance training, and Spirulina platensis supplementation in animal muscle. Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats (weight: 290 ± 20 g, and 9 weeks of age) were divided into four groups: control (CO; n = 8), Spirulina platensis supplementation (SP; n = 8), resistance exercise (RE; n = 8), and Spirulina platensis + resistance exercise (SP + RE; n = 8). The resistance exercise group trained five sessions each week for eight weeks. Spirulina 200 mg… More >

Zhaohui Bu¹, Xuejun Zhang^2,3,*, Jianxiang Lu⁴, Huan Lao⁵, Chan Liang², Xianfu Xu², Yini Wei², Hongjie Zeng²

Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.19, No.1, pp. 17-28, 2022, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2022.018318

Abstract The early symptom of lung tumor is always appeared as nodule on CT scans, among which 30% to 40% are malignant according to statistics studies. Therefore, early detection and classification of lung nodules are crucial to the treatment of lung cancer. With the increasing prevalence of lung cancer, large amount of CT images waiting for diagnosis are huge burdens to doctors who may missed or false detect abnormalities due to fatigue. Methods: In this study, we propose a novel lung nodule detection method based on YOLOv3 deep learning algorithm with only one preprocessing step is needed. In order to overcome… More >