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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Smad8 is involvement in follicular development via the regulation of granulosa cell growth and steroidogenesis in mice

    DAOLUN YU1, DEYONG SHE2, KAI GE1, LEI YANG1, RUINA ZHAN1, SHAN LU3,*, YAFEI CAI4,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.1, pp. 139-147, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.045884

    Abstract Background: SMAD family proteins (SMADs) are crucial transcription factors downstream of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß)/SMAD signaling pathways that have been reported to play a pivotal role in mammalian reproduction. However, the role of SMAD family member 8 (SMAD8, also known as SMAD9), a member of the SMAD family, in mammalian reproduction remains unclear. Methods: We employed RNA interference techniques to knock down Smad8 expression in mouse granulosa cells (GCs) to investigate the effects of Smad8 on GC growth and steroidogenesis. Results: Our findings revealed a significant decrease in the proliferative capacity and a substantial increase in the apoptosis rate… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Crossroads: Pathogenic role and therapeutic targets of neutrophil extracellular traps in rheumatoid arthritis

    YANG LI1,2, JIAN LIU1,3,*, YUEDI HU1,2, CHENGZHI CONG1,2, YIMING CHEN1,2, QIAO ZHOU1,2

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.1, pp. 9-19, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.045862

    Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune disease whose main features include chronic synovial inflammation, bone destruction, and joint degeneration. Neutrophils are often considered to be the first responders to inflammation and are a key presence in the inflammatory milieu of RA. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a meshwork of DNA-histone complexes and proteins released by activated neutrophils, are widely involved in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases, especially RA, in addition to playing a key role in the neutrophil innate immune response. NETs have been found to be an important source of citrullinated autoantigen antibodies and inflammatory factor release, which can… More > Graphic Abstract

    Crossroads: Pathogenic role and therapeutic targets of neutrophil extracellular traps in rheumatoid arthritis

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    New insight into the role of exosomes in idiopathic membrane nephropathy

    JIANHONG LIU1,#, KAI HE2,#, HAN WANG3,#, XIAOHONG CHENG1,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.1, pp. 21-32, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.045631

    Abstract Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from the invagination of the endosomal membrane, are secreted by a majority of cell types. As carriers of DNA, mRNA, proteins, and microRNAs, exosomes are implicated in regulating biological activities under physiological and pathological conditions. Kidney-derived exosomes, which vary in origin and function, may either contribute to the pathogenesis of disease or represent a potential therapeutic resource. Membranous nephropathy (MN), an autoimmune kidney disease characterized by glomerular damage, is a predominant cause of nephrotic syndrome. Notably, MN, especially idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), often results in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), affecting approximately 30% of patients… More > Graphic Abstract

    New insight into the role of exosomes in idiopathic membrane nephropathy

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    An overview of autophagy in the differentiation of dental stem cells

    XITONG ZHAO, TIANJUAN JU, XINWEI LI, CHANGFENG LIU, LULU WANG*, LI-AN WU*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.1, pp. 47-64, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.045591

    Abstract Dental stem cells (DSCs) have attracted significant interest as autologous stem cells since they are easily accessible and give a minimal immune response. These properties and their ability to both maintain self-renewal and undergo multi-lineage differentiation establish them as key players in regenerative medicine. While many regulatory factors determine the differentiation trajectory of DSCs, prior research has predominantly been based on genetic, epigenetic, and molecular aspects. Recent evidence suggests that DSC differentiation can also be influenced by autophagy, a highly conserved cellular process responsible for maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis under various stress conditions. This comprehensive review endeavors to elucidate… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    In vitro engineered models of neurodegenerative diseases

    ZEHRA GÜL MORÇIMEN1, ŞEYMA TAŞDEMIR2, AYLIN ŞENDEMIR3,4,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.1, pp. 79-96, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.045361

    Abstract Neurodegeneration is a catastrophic process that develops progressive damage leading to functional and structural loss of the cells of the nervous system and is among the biggest unavoidable problems of our age. Animal models do not reflect the pathophysiology observed in humans due to distinct differences between the neural pathways, gene expression patterns, neuronal plasticity, and other disease-related mechanisms in animals and humans. Classical in vitro cell culture models are also not sufficient for pre-clinical drug testing in reflecting the complex pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Today, modern, engineered techniques are applied to develop multicellular, intricate in vitro models and to… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Inhibition of proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of bladder cancer cells through SAPCD2 knockdown

    CHONG SHEN, JIAJUN YAN*, YU REN, ZHIRONG ZHU, XIAOLONG ZHANG, SHUIXIANG TAO

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.1, pp. 97-109, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.045303

    Abstract Introduction: Bladder cancer (BC) has a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide. Suppressor anaphase-promoting complex domain containing 2 (SAPCDC2) is over-expressed in a variety of tumors. Objectives: This study investigated the effects of SAPCD2 knockdown on BC cells. Methods: T24 and UMUC3 cell models and the xenografted BC tumor model with SAPCD2 knockdown were established to observe the malignant phenotype of BC cells by cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation test, wound healing, and Transwell assay, mRNA and proteins expressions were measured with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and tissue immunohistochemistry. Lithium chloride agonist on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway… More > Graphic Abstract

    Inhibition of proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of bladder cancer cells through SAPCD2 knockdown

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate secondary brain injury after controlled cortical impact in rats by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases

    PING YANG1,2,3, YUANXIANG LAN1,2, ZHONG ZENG1,2, YAN WANG1,2, HECHUN XIA1,2,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.1, pp. 149-162, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.042367

    Abstract Background: As a form of biological therapy, placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDMSCs) exhibit considerable promise in addressing the complex pathological processes of traumaticbrain injury (TBI) due to their multi-target and multi-pathway mode of action. Material & Methods: This study investigates the protective mechanisms and benefits of PDMSCs in mitigating the effects of controlled cortical impact (CCI) in rats and glutamate-induced oxidative stress injury in HT22 cells in vitro. Our primary objective is to provide evidence supporting the clinical application of PDMSCs. Results: In the in vivo arm of our investigation, we observed a swift elevation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in… More > Graphic Abstract

    Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate secondary brain injury after controlled cortical impact in rats by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Autophagy and circadian rhythms: interactions and clinical implications

    TIANKAI DI1,2,#, ZHIFEI ZHOU3,#, FEN LIU4,#, YUJIANG CHEN5,*, LULU WANG1,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.1, pp. 33-45, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.031638

    Abstract Autophagy is a widespread biological process that controls cellular growth, survival, development, and death. Circadian rhythm is a recurring reaction of living organisms and behaviors to variations in surrounding brightness and obscurity. Most of the fundamental physiological processes in mammals, such as the sleep-wake pattern and the rhythm of nutrition and energy metabolism, are governed by circadian rhythms. Research has indicated that autophagy exhibits a specific circadian pattern in both normal and abnormal conditions. Autophagy can modulate circadian rhythms by breaking down proteins that regulate the circadian clock. The potential regulatory connection between the two has been a popular subject… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Systematic analysis of DNA polymerases as therapeutic targets in pan-cancers

    ZHENHUA LI1, HUILAI LV1, FAN ZHANG1, ZIMING ZHU2, QIANG GUO3, MINGBO WANG1, CHAO HUANG1, LIJUAN CHEN4, WENPAN ZHANG4, YUN LI5,*, ZIQIANG TIAN1,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.1, pp. 123-138, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.031568

    Abstract Introduction: DNA polymerases are crucial for maintaining genome stability and influencing tumorigenesis. However, the clinical implications of DNA polymerases in tumorigenesis and their potential as anti-cancer therapy targets are not well understood. Methods: We conducted a systematic analysis using TCGA Pan-Cancer Atlas data and Gene Set Cancer Analysis results to examine the expression profiles of 15 DNA polymerases (POLYs) and their clinical correlations. We also evaluated the prognostic value of POLYs by analyzing their expression levels in relation to overall survival time (OS) using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Additionally, we investigated the correlations between POLY expression and immune cells, DNA damage… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Extracellular vesicles and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in COVID-19 disease

    YU LIU*, ROBERT J. KASPER, NATALIE J. S. CHOI*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.1, pp. 1-8, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.031158

    Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicular structures released from almost all eukaryotic cell types under different physiological or pathological conditions. Growing evidence demonstrates that EVs can serve as mediators of intercellular communication between donor and recipient cells or microorganism-infected and noninfected cells. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease is caused by infection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) of host cells in the respiratory system and various extra-pulmonary tissue/organs, resulting in complications of multiple organ systems. As the cell surface receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) mediates cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells in patients with COVID-19.… More >

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