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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Factors Influencing Fracture Propagation in Collaborative Fracturing of Multiple Horizontal Wells

    Diguang Gong1, Junbin Chen1, Cheng Cheng2, Yuanyuan Kou2,*

    Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.2, pp. 425-437, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.030196

    Abstract Horizontal well-stimulation is the key to unconventional resource exploration and development. The development mode of the well plant helps increase the stimulated reservoir volume. Nevertheless, fracture interference between wells reduces the fracturing effect. Here, a 2D hydro-mechanical coupling model describing hydraulic fracture (HF) propagation is established with the extended finite element method, and the effects of several factors on HF propagation during multiple wells fracturing are analyzed. The results show that with an increase in elastic modulus, horizontal principal stress difference and injection fluid displacement, the total fracture area and the reservoir stimulation efficiency are both improved in all three… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Automatic SOC Equalization Strategy of Energy Storage Units with DC Microgrid Bus Voltage Support

    Jingjing Tian1, Shenglin Mo1,*, Feng Zhao1, Xiaoqiang Chen2

    Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.2, pp. 439-459, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.029956

    Abstract In this paper, an improved sag control strategy based on automatic SOC equalization is proposed to solve the problems of slow SOC equalization and excessive bus voltage fluctuation amplitude and offset caused by load and PV power variations in a stand-alone DC microgrid. The strategy includes primary and secondary control. Among them, the primary control suppresses the DC microgrid voltage fluctuation through the Ⅰ and Ⅱ section control, and the secondary control aims to correct the P-U curve of the energy storage system and the PV system, thus reducing the steady-state bus voltage excursion. The simulation results demonstrate that the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Temporary Frequency Response Strategy Using a Voltage Source-Based Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator and Energy Storage Systems

    Baogang Chen1, Fenglin Miao2,*, Jing Yang1, Chen Qi2, Wenyan Ji1

    Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.2, pp. 541-555, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.028327

    Abstract Energy storage systems (ESS) and permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) are speculated to be able to exhibit frequency regulation capabilities by adding differential and proportional control loops with different control objectives. The available PMSG kinetic energy and charging/discharging capacities of the ESS were restricted. To improve the inertia response and frequency control capability, we propose a short-term frequency support strategy for the ESS and PMSG. To this end, the weights were embedded in the control loops to adjust the participation of the differential and proportional controls based on the system frequency excursion. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy was… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Modeling of Large-Scale Hydrogen Storage System Considering Capacity Attenuation and Analysis of Its Efficiency Characteristics

    Junhui Li1, Haotian Zhang1, Cuiping Li1,*, Xingxu Zhu1, Ruitong Liu2, Fangwei Duan2, Yongming Peng3

    Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.2, pp. 291-313, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.027593

    Abstract In the existing power system with a large-scale hydrogen storage system, there are problems such as low efficiency of electric-hydrogen-electricity conversion and single modeling of the hydrogen storage system. In order to improve the hydrogen utilization rate of hydrogen storage system in the process of participating in the power grid operation, and speed up the process of electric-hydrogen-electricity conversion. This article provides a detailed introduction to the mathematical and electrical models of various components of the hydrogen storage unit, and also establishes a charging and discharging efficiency model that considers the temperature and internal gas partial pressure of the hydrogen… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Performance Assessment of a Real PV System Connected to a Low-Voltage Grid

    Gaber Magdy1,2,*, Mostafa Metwally3, Adel A. Elbaset3,4, Esam Zaki5

    Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.1, pp. 13-26, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.043562

    Abstract The generation of photovoltaic (PV) solar energy is increasing continuously because it is renewable, unlimited, and clean energy. In the past, generation systems depended on non-renewable sources such as oil, coal, and gas. Therefore, this paper assesses the performance of a 51 kW PV solar power plant connected to a low-voltage grid to feed an administrative building in the 6th of October City, Egypt. The performance analysis of the considered grid-connected PV system is carried out using power system simulator for Engineering (PSS/E) software. Where the PSS/E program, monitors and uses the power analyzer that displays the parameters and measures… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Reliability-Based Model for Incomplete Preventive Replacement Maintenance of Photovoltaic Power Systems

    Wei Chen, Ming Li*, Tingting Pei, Cunyu Sun, Huan Lei

    Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.1, pp. 125-144, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.042812

    Abstract At present, the operation and maintenance of photovoltaic power generation systems mainly comprise regular maintenance, breakdown maintenance, and condition-based maintenance, which is very likely to lead to over- or under-repair of equipment. Therefore, a preventive maintenance and replacement strategy for PV power generation systems based on reliability as a constraint is proposed. First, a hybrid failure function with a decreasing service age factor and an increasing failure rate factor is introduced to describe the deterioration of PV power generation equipment, and the equipment is replaced when its reliability drops to the replacement threshold in the last cycle. Then, based on… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Experimental Study on the Performance of ORC System Based on Ultra-Low Temperature Heat Sources

    Tianyu Zhou1, Liang Hao1, Xin Xu2,3, Meng Si2,3, Lian Zhang2,3,*

    Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.1, pp. 145-168, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.042798

    Abstract This paper discussed the experimental results of the performance of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system with an ultra-low temperature heat source. The low boiling point working medium R134a was adopted in the system. The simulated heat source temperature (SHST) in this work was set from 39.51°C to 48.60°C by the simulated heat source module. The influence of load percentage of simulated heat source (LPSHS) between 50% and 70%, the rotary valve opening (RVO) between 20% and 100%, the resistive load between 36 Ω and 180 Ω or the no-load of the generator, as well as the autumn and winter… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Application of DSAPSO Algorithm in Distribution Network Reconfiguration with Distributed Generation

    Caixia Tao, Shize Yang*, Taiguo Li

    Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.1, pp. 187-201, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.042421

    Abstract With the current integration of distributed energy resources into the grid, the structure of distribution networks is becoming more complex. This complexity significantly expands the solution space in the optimization process for network reconstruction using intelligent algorithms. Consequently, traditional intelligent algorithms frequently encounter insufficient search accuracy and become trapped in local optima. To tackle this issue, a more advanced particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. To address the varying emphases at different stages of the optimization process, a dynamic strategy is implemented to regulate the social and self-learning factors. The Metropolis criterion is introduced into the simulated annealing algorithm to… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Research on ECMS Based on Segmented Path Braking Energy Recovery in a Fuel Cell Vehicle

    Wen Sun1, Meijing Li2, Guoxiang Li1, Ke Sun1,*, Shuzhan Bai1,*

    Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.1, pp. 95-110, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.042096

    Abstract Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are widely regarded as having the potential to replace internal combustion engines in vehicles. Since fuel cells cannot recover energy and have a slow dynamic response, they need to be used with different power sources. Developing efficient energy management strategies to achieve excellent fuel economy is the goal of research. This paper proposes an adaptive equivalent fuel minimum consumption strategy (AECMS) to solve the problem of the poor economy of the whole vehicle caused by the wrong selection of equivalent factors (EF) in traditional ECMS. In this method, the kinematics interval is used to update… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Solar Energy Resources in Tibet

    Yanbo Shen1,2, Yang Gao3, Yueming Hu1,2, Xin Yao4, Wenzheng Yu4,*, Yubing Zhang4

    Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.1, pp. 43-57, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.041921

    Abstract The Tibet Plateau is one of the regions with the richest solar energy resources in the world. In the process of achieving carbon neutrality in China, the development and utilization of solar energy resources in the region will play an important role. In this study, the gridded solar resource data with 1 km resolution in Tibet were obtained by spatial correction and downscaling of SMARTS model. On this basis, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of solar energy resources in the region in the past 30 years (1991–2020) are finely evaluated, and the annual global horizontal radiation resource is calculated.… More >

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