Imtiaz Ahmad¹, Tariq Hussain², Babar Shah³, Altaf Hussain⁴, Iqtidar Ali¹, Farman Ali^5,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.3, pp. 3585-3629, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.050596

Abstract Numerous wireless networks have emerged that can be used for short communication ranges where the infrastructure-based networks may fail because of their installation and cost. One of them is a sensor network with embedded sensors working as the primary nodes, termed Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), in which numerous sensors are connected to at least one Base Station (BS). These sensors gather information from the environment and transmit it to a BS or gathering location. WSNs have several challenges, including throughput, energy usage, and network lifetime concerns. Different strategies have been applied to get over these… More >

Reem Ibrahim Alkanhel¹, Doaa Sami Khafaga², Ahmed Mohamed Zaki³, Marwa M. Eid^4,5, Abdyalaziz A. Al-Mooneam⁶, Abdelhameed Ibrahim⁷, S. K. Towfek^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.3, pp. 3549-3568, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.049582

Abstract The networks of wireless sensors provide the ground for a range of applications, including environmental monitoring and industrial operations. Ensuring the networks can overcome obstacles like power and communication reliability and sensor coverage is the crux of network optimization. Network infrastructure planning should be focused on increasing performance, and it should be affected by the detailed data about node distribution. This work recommends the creation of each sensor’s specs and radius of influence based on a particular geographical location, which will contribute to better network planning and design. By using the ARIMA model for time… More >

Ibraheem Al-Hejri¹, Farag Azzedin^1,*, Sultan Almuhammadi¹, Naeem Firdous Syed²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.3, pp. 4197-4218, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.047117

Abstract The use of the Internet of Things (IoT) is expanding at an unprecedented scale in many critical applications due to the ability to interconnect and utilize a plethora of wide range of devices. In critical infrastructure domains like oil and gas supply, intelligent transportation, power grids, and autonomous agriculture, it is essential to guarantee the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of data collected and exchanged. However, the limited resources coupled with the heterogeneity of IoT devices make it inefficient or sometimes infeasible to achieve secure data transmission using traditional cryptographic techniques. Consequently, designing a lightweight secure More >

Muhammad Salman Qamar^1,*, Ihsan ul Haq¹, Amil Daraz², Atif M. Alamri³, Salman A. AlQahtani⁴, Muhammad Fahad Munir¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.2, pp. 2945-2970, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.050168

Abstract In pursuit of enhancing the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) energy efficiency and operational lifespan, this paper delves into the domain of energy-efficient routing protocols. In WSNs, the limited energy resources of Sensor Nodes (SNs) are a big challenge for ensuring their efficient and reliable operation. WSN data gathering involves the utilization of a mobile sink (MS) to mitigate the energy consumption problem through periodic network traversal. The mobile sink (MS) strategy minimizes energy consumption and latency by visiting the fewest nodes or pre-determined locations called rendezvous points (RPs) instead of all cluster heads (CHs). CHs… More >

Haosong Gou¹, Gaoyi Zhang¹, Renê Ripardo Calixto², Senthil Kumar Jagatheesaperumal³, Victor Hugo C. de Albuquerque^2,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.140, No.1, pp. 1077-1102, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.047806

Abstract Large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a critical role in monitoring dangerous scenarios and responding to medical emergencies. However, the inherent instability and error-prone nature of wireless links present significant challenges, necessitating efficient data collection and reliable transmission services. This paper addresses the limitations of existing data transmission and recovery protocols by proposing a systematic end-to-end design tailored for medical event-driven cluster-based large-scale WSNs. The primary goal is to enhance the reliability of data collection and transmission services, ensuring a comprehensive and practical approach. Our approach focuses on refining the hop-count-based routing scheme to achieve… More >

Shereen K. Refaay¹, Samia A. Ali², Moumen T. El-Melegy², Louai A. Maghrabi³, Hamdy H. El-Sayed^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.78, No.1, pp. 873-897, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.044982

Abstract The structural optimization of wireless sensor networks is a critical issue because it impacts energy consumption and hence the network’s lifetime. Many studies have been conducted for homogeneous networks, but few have been performed for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. This paper utilizes Rao algorithms to optimize the structure of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks according to node locations and their initial energies. The proposed algorithms lack algorithm-specific parameters and metaphorical connotations. The proposed algorithms examine the search space based on the relations of the population with the best, worst, and randomly assigned solutions. The proposed algorithms… More >

Thi-Kien Dao¹, Trong-The Nguyen^1,2,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.138, No.3, pp. 2201-2237, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.029880

Abstract Localization or positioning scheme in Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is one of the most challenging and fundamental operations in various monitoring or tracking applications because the network deploys a large area and allocates the acquired location information to unknown devices. The metaheuristic approach is one of the most advantageous ways to deal with this challenging issue and overcome the disadvantages of the traditional methods that often suffer from computational time problems and small network deployment scale. This study proposes an enhanced whale optimization algorithm that is an advanced metaheuristic algorithm based on the siege mechanism… More >

Medhat A. Tawfeek^1,2, Nacim Yanes^3,4, Leila Jamel^5,*, Ghadah Aldehim⁵, Mahmood A. Mahmood^1,6

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.2, pp. 2545-2564, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.042179

Abstract The trend towards smart greenhouses stems from various factors, including a lack of agricultural land area owing to population concentration and housing construction on agricultural land, as well as water shortages. This study proposes building a full farming adaptation model that depends on current sensor readings and available datasets from different agricultural research centers. The proposed model uses a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning model to control the growth of strategic crops, including cucumber, pepper, tomato, and bean. The proposed model uses the Internet of Things (IoT) to collect data on agricultural operations… More >

Shadi Al-Sarawi¹, Mohammed Anbar^1,*, Basim Ahmad Alabsi², Mohammad Adnan Aladaileh³, Shaza Dawood Ahmed Rihan²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 491-515, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.041108

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) consists of interconnected smart devices communicating and collecting data. The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is the standard protocol for Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) in the IoT. However, RPL is vulnerable to various attacks, including the sinkhole attack, which disrupts the network by manipulating routing information. This paper proposes the Unweighted Voting Method (UVM) for sinkhole node identification, utilizing three key behavioral indicators: DODAG Information Object (DIO) Transaction Frequency, Rank Harmony, and Power Consumption. These indicators have been carefully selected based on their contribution to sinkhole… More >

Trong-The Nguyen^1,2,3, Thi-Kien Dao^1,2,3,*, Trinh-Dong Nguyen^2,3

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.37, No.3, pp. 3213-3234, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.041356

Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used for various practical applications due to their simplicity and versatility. The quality of service in WSNs is greatly influenced by the coverage, which directly affects the monitoring capacity of the target region. However, low WSN coverage and uneven distribution of nodes in random deployments pose significant challenges. This study proposes an optimal node planning strategy for network coverage based on an adjusted single candidate optimizer (ASCO) to address these issues. The single candidate optimizer (SCO) is a metaheuristic algorithm with stable implementation procedures. However, it has limitations in More >