Shengzhong Zhao1, Daiyan Chen1, Han Zhang1,2,*, Junhao Yu1, Lin Xu1, Zhaoyi Zhuang1, Fei Wang1,*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.6, pp. 1907-1932, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.071910
- 31 December 2025
Abstract A sealed portal could significantly alter the flame shape and smoke flow characteristics in inclined tunnel fires. In inclined tunnels, two typical sealing conditions could be defined, namely the upper portal sealed and the lower portal sealed. In this study, the effects of tunnel slope on flame shape, flame length, along with smoke mass flow rate and induced velocity at the tunnel portal, are numerically investigated. The results show that, in all scenarios, flames initially rise vertically but tilt toward the sealed portal during the quasi-steady stage, with the largest tilt angle observed in tunnels… More >
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