Wen-Shou Tan^1,#, Hsuan Kuo^2,#, Chang-Ge Jiang¹, Mei-Han Lu¹, Yi-He Lu¹, Yung-Li Wang¹, Ching-Shuen Wang¹, Thi Thuy Tien Vo³, I-Ta Lee^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.070871 - 30 December 2025

Abstract This narrative review examines recent advances in salivary biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a major subtype of oral cancer with persistently low five-year survival rates due to delayed diagnosis. Saliva has emerged as a noninvasive diagnostic medium capable of reflecting both local tumor activity and systemic physiological changes. Various salivary biomarkers, including microRNAs, cytokines, proteins, metabolites, and exosomes, have been linked to oncogenic signaling pathways involved in tumor progression, immune modulation, and therapeutic resistance. Advances in quantitative polymerase chain reaction, mass spectrometry, and next-generation sequencing have enabled comprehensive biomarker profiling, while point-of-care detection More >

Yaxin Zhao¹, Qi Han², Hui Shu², Yan Guang^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-24, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070511 - 09 December 2025

Abstract Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in the field of code translation. However, existing evaluation methodologies suffer from two major limitations: (1) the high overlap between test data and pretraining corpora, which introduces significant bias in performance evaluation; and (2) mainstream metrics focus primarily on surface-level accuracy, failing to uncover the underlying factors that constrain model capabilities. To address these issues, this paper presents TCode (Translation-Oriented Code Evaluation benchmark)—a complexity-controllable, contamination-free benchmark dataset for code translation—alongside a dedicated static feature sensitivity evaluation framework. The dataset is carefully designed to control complexity along multiple dimensions—including syntactic… More >

Helen Fenske¹, Ingrid R. Niesman^2,*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.12, pp. 2433-2455, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.071078 - 24 December 2025

Abstract Objective: Tyrosinase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the generation of melanin. The feline tyrosinase mutation, G302R, confers temperature-sensitive loss of function, resulting in the familiar Siamese cat phenotype. Crystal or cryoEM structures are elusive for any mammalian tyrosinase to date. Protein misfolding is suggested as a basis for phenotypes resulting from mutant tyrosinases, but this hypothesis needs structural confirmation. Our objective for this study is to confirm misfolding of mutant tyrosinase as a basis for temperature-sensitive phenotypes compared to catalytic dysfunction that may be responsible for other tyrosinase mutant breed phenotypes. Methods: We have employed… More >

Jun He¹, Jianli Luo¹, Yanling Wang^1,*, Dai Zhou^1,*, Shuanglin Xiang^2,*

Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.20, No.5, pp. 613-623, 2025, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.071773 - 30 November 2025

Abstract Pediatric congenital heart disease (CHD) pharmacotherapy faces three fundamental barriers: developmental pharmacokinetic complexity, anatomic-genetic heterogeneity, and evidence chain gaps. Traditional agents exhibit critical limitations: digoxin’s narrow therapeutic index (0.5–0.9 ng/mL) is exacerbated by ABCB1 mutations (toxicity risk increases 4.1-fold), furosemide efficacy declines by 35% in neonates due to NKCC2 immaturity, and β-blocker responses vary by CYP2D6 polymorphisms (poor metabolizers require 50–75% dose reduction). Novel strategies demonstrate transformative potential—CRISPR editing achieves 81% reversal of BMPR2-associated pulmonary vascular remodeling, metabolically matured cardiac organoids replicate adult myocardial energy metabolism for drug screening, and SGLT2 inhibitors activate triple mechanisms (calcium overload More >

Byeongjun Kim^1,#, Seung-Hun Lee^2,#, Won-Du Chang^1,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.145, No.2, pp. 1237-1252, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.073530 - 26 November 2025

Abstract Side-scan sonar (SSS) is essential for acquiring high-resolution seafloor images over large areas, facilitating the identification of subsea objects. However, military security restrictions and the scarcity of subsea targets limit the availability of SSS data, posing challenges for Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) research. This paper presents an approach that uses Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks (CycleGAN) to augment SSS images of key subsea objects, such as shipwrecks, aircraft, and drowning victims. The process begins by constructing 3D models to generate rendered images with realistic shadows from multiple angles. To enhance image quality, a shadow extractor and More >

Bruno Špiljak^1,#, Bojan Poposki^2,#, Stjepanka Lešić^3,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.11, pp. 3269-3292, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.068395 - 22 October 2025

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive cancer with high recurrence rates and prevalent resistance to therapeutic interventions. Tumor behavior is largely dependent on the tumor microenvironment (TME) that includes immune cells, stromal components, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the extracellular matrix (ECM), and an associated cytokine network. In this review, we examine principal mechanisms of the tumorigenic transformation, encompassing immune checkpoint disruption, therapy resistance mediated through CAFs, the contribution of hypoxic niches, and several metabolic dependencies that hold potential as future targets. Novel therapeutics developed and/or repurposed, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs),… More >

Ying Fang^1,2,3,#, Anqi Wu^2,4,#, Yu-Sheng Cong^5,*, Guoqing Li^1,2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.11, pp. 3231-3245, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.066402 - 22 October 2025

Abstract Gastric Cancer (GC) is a highly prevalent and poorly prognostic gastrointestinal malignancy with low overall treatment efficacy worldwide. Early diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for GC treatment are urgently needed. UFMylation, a novel ubiquitin-like modification is indispensable for numerous fundamental cellular processes. Deficiency in this modification is reported to be associated with several human diseases including cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that the expression of the key UFMylation components is closely associated with GC cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. Recent clinical studies have further highlighted the prognostic value and therapeutic potential of UFMylation More >

Lingfang Li^1,2, Weijian Hu², Mingxing Luo^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.3, pp. 5915-5935, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.064349 - 30 July 2025

Abstract Neural machine translation (NMT) has been widely applied to high-resource language pairs, but its dependence on large-scale data results in poor performance in low-resource scenarios. In this paper, we propose a transfer-learning-based approach called shared space transfer for zero-resource NMT. Our method leverages a pivot pre-trained language model (PLM) to create a shared representation space, which is used in both auxiliary source→pivot (Ms2p) and pivot→target (Mp2t) translation models. Specifically, we exploit pivot PLM to initialize the Ms2p decoder and Mp2t encoder, while adopting a freezing strategy during the training process. We further propose a feature… More >

Smita Mahajan¹, Shilpa Gite^1,2, Biswajeet Pradhan^3,*, Abdullah Alamri⁴, Shaunak Inamdar⁵, Deva Shriyansh⁵, Akshat Ashish Shah⁵, Shruti Agarwal⁵

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.2, pp. 2001-2026, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.058456 - 30 May 2025

Abstract The development of generative architectures has resulted in numerous novel deep-learning models that generate images using text inputs. However, humans naturally use speech for visualization prompts. Therefore, this paper proposes an architecture that integrates speech prompts as input to image-generation Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) model, leveraging Speech-to-Text translation along with the CLIP + VQGAN model. The proposed method involves translating speech prompts into text, which is then used by the Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) + Vector Quantized Generative Adversarial Network (VQGAN) model to generate images. This paper outlines the steps required to implement such a… More >

LUCIANA SABOYA^1,2, KEINI BUOSI¹, TIAGO SILVA², ELAINE CANDIDO¹, JOSIANE MORARI³, LICIO A. VELLOSO³, SHAHROKH F. SHARIAT^4,5,6,7, MARCUS V. SADI², LEONARDO O. REIS^1,8,9,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.6, pp. 1495-1503, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.061812 - 29 May 2025

Abstract Objective: To determine the safety and the role of modulating cytokines and proteases in the immune response to intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) when primed with systemic intradermal BCG. Methods: Phase 1 and mechanistic longitudinal, prospective, single-blind randomized study (NCT04806178). Twenty-one non-muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer patients undergoing intravesical adjuvant BCG after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) in a teaching hospital between September 2021 and April 2023 were randomized to 0.1 mL of intradermal BCG vaccine or placebo (0.9% saline) administered 15 days before the start of intravesical BCG therapy. Blood samples were evaluated mechanistically… More >