Tobias Drieschner^1,2,*, Andreas Kandelbauer¹, Bernd Hitzmann², Karsten Rebner¹

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1643-1660, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.024429 - 01 December 2022

Abstract For optimization of production processes and product quality, often knowledge of the factors influencing the process outcome is compulsory. Thus, process analytical technology (PAT) that allows deeper insight into the process and results in a mathematical description of the process behavior as a simple function based on the most important process factors can help to achieve higher production efficiency and quality. The present study aims at characterizing a well-known industrial process, the transesterification reaction of rapeseed oil with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for usage as biodiesel in a continuous micro reactor… More >

Aman Santoso^*, Sumari Sumari, Muhammad Roy Asrori

Energy Engineering, Vol.119, No.6, pp. 2255-2276, 2022, DOI:10.32604/ee.2022.021596 - 14 September 2022

Abstract Biodiesel research has been carried out via transesterification. However, biodiesel products (methyl esters) have not encountered new insights, because feedstocks have been explored and studied. Various optimum conditions on transesterification reaction could produce different methyl ester type with different compound. So, this review describes various oil feedstock that were to find new insights about methyl ester type. The review took the results of study that has been published with experience for 10 years. The results of the study reviewed on the transesterification method, characterization of methyl esters, and its components. The component reviewed and correlated More > Graphic Abstract

Sumari Sumari^*, Mega Murti, Aman Santoso, Muhammad Roy Asrori

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.12, pp. 3659-3670, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022995 - 14 July 2022

Abstract Kapok seed oil is an environmentally friendly biodiesel feedstock. The problem of the best catalyst for transesterification of Kapok seed oil still continues today. The research developed a base-heterogeneous catalyst with the effect of ultrasonic waves during transesterification. So, the study aims: (1) to determine the type of natural zeolite used, (2) to determine the characteristics of the synthesized CaO:BaO/ANZ catalyst, and (3) to determine the effectiveness of the CaO:BaO/ANZ catalyst in the biodiesel production process through sono-transesterification of kapok seed oil. The research stages consisted of: (1) activation of natural zeolite and its characterization,… More > Graphic Abstract

Nuni Widiarti¹, Yatim Lailun Ni’mah¹, Hasliza Bahruji², Didik Prasetyoko^1,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.10, pp. 915-939, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.07183

Abstract Biodiesel is a fossil fuel that is in demand to be developed because it is bio-renewable, biodegradable and environmentally friendly. Biodiesel produced from the transesterification reaction of vege Tab. oil using a base catalyst. CaO is the most developed catalyst for the reaction of transesterification of oil into biodiesel because it is cheap, the process is easy and has a high level of alkalinity. CaO is a cheap catalyst because it is easily obtained from natural ingredients. The use of CaO catalysts in the reaction formation of biodiesel continues to develop through modification with various More >

Nívia do Nascimento Marques¹, Caroline Suzy do Nascimento Garcia¹, Liszt Yeltsin Coutinho Madruga¹, Marcos Antônio Villetti², Men de SáMoreira de Souza Filho³, Edson Noriyuki Ito⁴, Rosangela de Carvalho Balaban^1,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.2, pp. 139-152, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.00040

Abstract After industrial mango processing, tons of residues such as peels and kernels are discarded as waste. Nevertheless, almost 60% of the mango kernel is due to starch on a dry weight basis. Herein, starch from mango (Manguifera Indica L.) kernel was applied to obtain a starch fatty ester with vinyl laurate, in DMSO, under basic catalysis. FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR confirmed that a starch ester with a degree of modification of 2.6 was produced. TGA showed that the modified starch has higher thermal stability than its precursors and higher than a vinyl laurate/starch physical More >

A.G. Gouater Issola¹, A. Ngueteu Kamlo², A.M. Cheumani Yona^1,*, M. Kor Ndikontar¹

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.6, pp. 642-650, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2018.634108

Abstract Chemical modification of cassava starch by transesterification of a vegetable oil (palm kernel oil) using aluminum chloride as a Lewis acid catalyst was achieved under relatively mild conditions (temperature 60–110 °C; atmospheric pressure). The reaction was carried out without any additional solvent. The modified starch was characterized by degree of substitution (DS), FTIR, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. DS of 0.09 to 0.53 were obtained. The cassava starch presented an X-ray diffraction pattern of a type A starch. X-ray analyses showed that the reaction did not significantly affect the crystallinity of starch. The modified starch More >

Dragomir Vassilev^1*, Nadezhda Petkova², Milena Koleva¹, Panteley Denev²

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.4, No.1, pp. 24-30, 2016, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2015.634125

Abstract This article presents the results obtained by the ultrasound-assisted synthesis of sucrose and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) esters with fatty acids (palmitic and 10-undecylenic), the identifi cation of the products and the study of their possible application as plasticizers in plastics processing. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H and ¹³C NMR) spectroscopy were used to identify the synthesized carbohydrate esters. The plasticizing effect of the sucrose palmitate applied in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was evaluated by the glass transition temperatures; the decrease of the T_g with the increase of the ester content could be accepted as… More >