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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Efficient-Cost Task Offloading Scheme in Fog-Internet of Vehicle Networks

    Alla Abbas Khadir1, Seyed Amin Hosseini Seno1,2,*, Baydaa Fadhil Dhahir2,3, Rahmat Budiarto4

    Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.2, pp. 2223-2234, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.032316

    Abstract Fog computing became a traditional OffLad Destination (OLD) to compute the offloaded tasks of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Nevertheless, the limited computing resources of the fog node leads to re-offload these tasks to the neighboring fog nodes or the cloud. Thus, the IoV will incur additional offloading costs. In this paper, we propose a new offloading scheme by utilizing RoadSide Parked Vehicles (RSPV) as an alternative OLD for IoV. The idle computing resources of the RSPVs can compute large tasks with low offloading costs compared with fog nodes and the cloud. Finally, a performance evaluation of the proposed scheme… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Adaptive Partial Task Offloading and Virtual Resource Placement in SDN/NFV-Based Network Softwarization

    Prohim Tam1, Sa Math1, Seokhoon Kim1,2,*

    Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.2, pp. 2141-2154, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.030984

    Abstract Edge intelligence brings the deployment of applied deep learning (DL) models in edge computing systems to alleviate the core backbone network congestions. The setup of programmable software-defined networking (SDN) control and elastic virtual computing resources within network functions virtualization (NFV) are cooperative for enhancing the applicability of intelligent edge softwarization. To offer advancement for multi-dimensional model task offloading in edge networks with SDN/NFV-based control softwarization, this study proposes a DL mechanism to recommend the optimal edge node selection with primary features of congestion windows, link delays, and allocatable bandwidth capacities. Adaptive partial task offloading policy considered the DL-based recommendation to… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Optimization Scheme of Trusted Task Offloading in IIoT Scenario Based on DQN

    Xiaojuan Wang1, Zikui Lu1,*, Siyuan Sun2, Jingyue Wang1, Luona Song3, Merveille Nicolas4

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.1, pp. 2055-2071, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.031750

    Abstract With the development of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), end devices (EDs) are equipped with more functions to capture information. Therefore, a large amount of data is generated at the edge of the network and needs to be processed. However, no matter whether these computing tasks are offloaded to traditional central clusters or mobile edge computing (MEC) devices, the data is short of security and may be changed during transmission. In view of this challenge, this paper proposes a trusted task offloading optimization scheme that can offer low latency and high bandwidth services for IIoT with data security. Blockchain… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    A Review of the Current Task Offloading Algorithms, Strategies and Approach in Edge Computing Systems

    Abednego Acheampong1, Yiwen Zhang1,*, Xiaolong Xu2, Daniel Appiah Kumah2

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.1, pp. 35-88, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.021394

    Abstract Task offloading is an important concept for edge computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) because computationintensive tasks must be offloaded to more resource-powerful remote devices. Task offloading has several advantages, including increased battery life, lower latency, and better application performance. A task offloading method determines whether sections of the full application should be run locally or offloaded for execution remotely. The offloading choice problem is influenced by several factors, including application properties, network conditions, hardware features, and mobility, influencing the offloading system’s operational environment. This study provides a thorough examination of current task offloading and resource allocation in edge… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Efficient UAV-Based MEC Using GPU-Based PSO and Voronoi Diagrams

    Mohamed H. Mousa1,2,*, Mohamed K. Hussein2

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.133, No.2, pp. 413-434, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.020639

    Abstract Mobile-Edge Computing (MEC) displaces cloud services as closely as possible to the end user. This enables the edge servers to execute the offloaded tasks that are requested by the users, which in turn decreases the energy consumption and the turnaround time delay. However, as a result of a hostile environment or in catastrophic zones with no network, it could be difficult to deploy such edge servers. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can be employed in such scenarios. The edge servers mounted on these UAVs assist with task offloading. For the majority of IoT applications, the execution times of tasks are often… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    5G Data Offloading Using Fuzzification with Grasshopper Optimization Technique

    V. R. Balaji1,*, T. Kalavathi2, J. Vellingiri3, N. Rajkumar4, Venkat Prasad Padhy5

    Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.42, No.1, pp. 289-301, 2022, DOI:10.32604/csse.2022.020971

    Abstract Data offloading at the network with less time and reduced energy consumption are highly important for every technology. Smart applications process the data very quickly with less power consumption. As technology grows towards 5G communication architecture, identifying a solution for QoS in 5G through energy-efficient computing is important. In this proposed model, we perform data offloading at 5G using the fuzzification concept. Mobile IoT devices create tasks in the network and are offloaded in the cloud or mobile edge nodes based on energy consumption. Two base stations, small (SB) and macro (MB) stations, are initialized and the first tasks randomly… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    An Energy Aware Algorithm for Edge Task Offloading

    Ao Xiong1, Meng Chen1,*, Shaoyong Guo1, Yongjie Li2, Yujing Zhao2, Qinghai Ou3, Chuan Liu4, Siwen Xu5, Xiangang Liu6

    Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.31, No.3, pp. 1641-1654, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.018881

    Abstract To solve the problem of energy consumption optimization of edge servers in the process of edge task unloading, we propose a task unloading algorithm based on reinforcement learning in this paper. The algorithm observes and analyzes the current environment state, selects the deployment location of edge tasks according to current states, and realizes the edge task unloading oriented to energy consumption optimization. To achieve the above goals, we first construct a network energy consumption model including servers’ energy consumption and link transmission energy consumption, which improves the accuracy of network energy consumption evaluation. Because of the complexity and variability of… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Resource Management and Task Offloading Issues in the Edge–Cloud Environment

    Jaber Almutairi1, Mohammad Aldossary2,*

    Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.30, No.1, pp. 129-145, 2021, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2021.018480

    Abstract With the increasing number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices connected to the internet, a platform is required to support the enormous amount of data they generate. Since cloud computing is far away from the connected IoT devices, applications that require low-latency, real-time interaction and high quality of service (QoS) may suffer network delay in using the Cloud. Consequently, the concept of edge computing has appeared to complement cloud services, working as an intermediate layer with computation capabilities between the Cloud and IoT devices, to overcome these limitations. Although edge computing is a promising enabler for issues related to latency… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Investigating and Modelling of Task Offloading Latency in Edge-Cloud Environment

    Jaber Almutairi1, Mohammad Aldossary2,*,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.3, pp. 4143-4160, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018145

    Abstract Recently, the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices connected to the Internet has increased dramatically as well as the data produced by these devices. This would require offloading IoT tasks to release heavy computation and storage to the resource-rich nodes such as Edge Computing and Cloud Computing. However, different service architecture and offloading strategies have a different impact on the service time performance of IoT applications. Therefore, this paper presents an Edge-Cloud system architecture that supports scheduling offloading tasks of IoT applications in order to minimize the enormous amount of transmitting data in the network. Also, it introduces the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    State-Based Offloading Model for Improving Response Rate of IoT Services

    K. Sakthidasan1, Bhekisipho Twala2, S. Yuvaraj3, K. Vijayan3,*, S. Praveenkumar3, Prashant Mani4, C. Bharatiraja3

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3721-3735, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014321

    Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is a heterogeneous information sharing and access platform that provides services in a pervasive manner. Task and computation offloading in the IoT helps to improve the response rate and the availability of resources. Task offloading in a service-centric IoT environment mitigates the complexity in response delivery and request processing. In this paper, the state-based task offloading method (STOM) is introduced with a view to maximize the service response rate and reduce the response time of the varying request densities. The proposed method is designed using the Markov decision-making model to improve the rate of requests… More >

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