Ramadan Abdul-Rashid¹, Mohd Amiruddin Abd Rahman^1,*, Kar Tim Chan¹, Arun Kumar Sangaiah^2,3,4

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.3, pp. 2585-2616, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.060548 - 03 March 2025

Abstract This study proposes a novel time-synchronization protocol inspired by stochastic gradient algorithms. The clock model of each network node in this synchronizer is configured as a generic adaptive filter where different stochastic gradient algorithms can be adopted for adaptive clock frequency adjustments. The study analyzes the pairwise synchronization behavior of the protocol and proves the generalized convergence of the synchronization error and clock frequency. A novel closed-form expression is also derived for a generalized asymptotic error variance steady state. Steady and convergence analyses are then presented for the synchronization, with frequency adaptations done using least More >

Wei Chen, Xin Gao^*, Zhanhong Wei, Xusheng Yang, Zhao Li

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.2, pp. 805-821, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.059779 - 31 January 2025

Abstract This paper deeply introduces a brand-new research method for the synchronous characteristics of DC microgrid bus voltage and an improved synchronous control strategy. This method mainly targets the problem of bus voltage oscillation caused by the bifurcation behavior of DC microgrid converters. Firstly, the article elaborately establishes a mathematical model of a single distributed power source with hierarchical control. On this basis, a small-world network model that can better adapt to the topology structure of DC microgrids is further constructed. Then, a voltage synchronization analysis method based on the main stability function is proposed, and… More >

Wei Wu, Liang Yu, Liping Yang^*, Yadong Zhang, Peng Wang

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.1, pp. 587-603, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.052655 - 18 July 2024

Abstract As an open network architecture, Wireless Computing Power Networks (WCPN) pose new challenges for achieving efficient and secure resource management in networks, because of issues such as insecure communication channels and untrusted device terminals. Blockchain, as a shared, immutable distributed ledger, provides a secure resource management solution for WCPN. However, integrating blockchain into WCPN faces challenges like device heterogeneity, monitoring communication states, and dynamic network nature. Whereas Digital Twins (DT) can accurately maintain digital models of physical entities through real-time data updates and self-learning, enabling continuous optimization of WCPN, improving synchronization performance, ensuring real-time accuracy, More >

Jiangang Lu, Ruifeng Zhao^*, Zhiwen Yu, Yue Dai, Kaiwen Zeng

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.78, No.3, pp. 4453-4469, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.048020 - 26 March 2024

Abstract Time synchronization (TS) is crucial for ensuring the secure and reliable functioning of the distribution power Internet of Things (IoT). Multi-clock source time synchronization (MTS) has significant advantages of high reliability and accuracy but still faces challenges such as optimization of the multi-clock source selection and the clock source weight calculation at different timescales, and the coupling of synchronization latency jitter and pulse phase difference. In this paper, the multi-timescale MTS model is conducted, and the reinforcement learning (RL) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-based multi-timescale MTS algorithm is designed to improve the weighted summation of More >

Zichen Liu^1,2, Bowen Zhu³, Gaojin Li^1,2,*

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.25, No.1, pp. 1-2, 2023, DOI:10.32604/icces.2023.09836

Abstract The ubiquitous cooperative locomotion in a fluid has long been considered to gain evolutionary advantages by increasing the efficiency of the living creatures. Synchronization between undulatory swimmers, such as spermatozoa and eels at low and high Reynolds numbers respectively, has attracted much attention for its theoretical importance in fluid dynamics. Such swimmers propel themselves by generating travelling waves along their bodies or flagella. To understand the hydrodynamic interaction between the waving motions, we numerically and analytically study the infinite 2D waving-sheet model introduced by Taylor using the method of perturbation on the basis of small… More >

Kimchheang Chhea¹, Dara Ron¹, Jung-Ryun Lee^1,2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.1, pp. 1815-1826, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.032376 - 06 February 2023

Abstract Considering the exponential growth of wireless devices with data-starving applications fused with artificial intelligence, the significance of wireless network scalability using distributed behavior and fairness among users is a crucial feature in guaranteeing reliable service to numerous users in the network environment. The Kuramoto model is described as nonlinear self-sustained phase oscillators spinning at varying intrinsic frequencies connected through the sine of their phase differences and displays a phase transition at a specific coupling strength, in which a mutual behavior is accomplished. In this work, we apply the Kuramoto model to achieve a weighted fair… More >

Chongyang Nie, Fankai Kong^*, Huaqiu Ding, Hongli Pan

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.135, No.1, pp. 483-510, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.021083 - 29 September 2022

Abstract The different folding and storage forms of an inflatable boarding platform will have a direct impact on the deployment effect of the marine emergency evacuation system. This paper proposes different folding and storage methods for an inflatable boarding platform in a marine emergency evacuation system. According to the difference between the fold line and the fold direction, the numerical models of a boarding platform with partial fold, “Z” type fold and inner spiral fold are established. The platform models with three folding modes are simulated by numerical simulation. According to the numerical results of the More > Graphic Abstract

Tianyuan Jia¹, Xiangyong Chen^1,2,*, Xiurong Yao^1,*, Feng Zhao¹, Jianlong Qiu¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.1, pp. 221-239, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.020780 - 24 August 2022

Abstract Fixed-time synchronization (FTS) of delayed memristor-based neural networks (MNNs) with discontinuous activations is studied in this paper. Both continuous and discontinuous activations are considered for MNNs. And the mixed delays which are closer to reality are taken into the system. Besides, two kinds of control schemes are proposed, including feedback and adaptive control strategies. Based on some lemmas, mathematical inequalities and the designed controllers, a few synchronization criteria are acquired. Moreover, the upper bound of settling time (ST) which is independent of the initial values is given. Finally, the feasibility of our theory is attested More >

Suma Sekhar^1,*, Sakuntala S. Pillai², S. Santhosh Kumar³

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.35, No.3, pp. 3187-3197, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.028702 - 17 August 2022

Abstract Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) trusts Multiple Input Multiple Output-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) combination for the deployment of physical layer functions and for connecting the medium access control to the wireless media. Even though Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) facilitates reliable digital broadband transmission in the fading wireless channels, the presence of synchronization errors in the form of Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) and Time Offset (TO) adversely affect the performance of OFDM based physical layers. The objective of this work is to improve the accuracy of the frequency and the time offset estimation More >

Khaled Benkouider¹, Aceng Sambas², Ibrahim Mohammed Sulaiman³, Mustafa Mamat⁴, Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar^5,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.1, pp. 1019-1035, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025836 - 18 May 2022

Abstract This study introduces a new continuous time differential system, which contains ten terms with three quadratic nonlinearities. The new system can demonstrate hyperchaotic, chaotic, quasi-periodic, and periodic behaviors for its different parameter values. All theoretical and numerical analysis are investigated to confirm the complex hyperchaotic behavior of our proposed model using many tools that include Kaplan-Yorke dimension, equilibrium points stability, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponents. By means of Multisim software, the authors also designed an electronic circuit to confirm our proposed systems’ physical feasibility. MATLAB and Multisim simulation results excellently agree with each other, which More >