Nabila Eka Yuningsih, Latifa Ariani, Suprapto Suprapto, Ita Ulfin, Harmami Harmami, Hendro Juwono, Yatim Lailun Ni’mah^*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.5, pp. 981-992, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.049109

Abstract In this research, activated carbon from mangosteen peel has been synthesized using sulfuric acid as an activator. The adsorption performance of the activated carbon was optimized using malachite green dye as absorbate. Malachite green dye waste is a toxic and non-biodegradable material that damages the environment. Optimization of adsorption processes was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The synthesized activated carbon was characterized using FTIR and SEM instruments. The FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of a sulfonate group (-SOH) in the activated carbon, indicating that the activation process using… More >

Xingxing Zhang¹, Liang Liu^1,*, Yu Fan¹, Qian Zhou²

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.48, No.4, pp. 969-987, 2024, DOI:10.32604/csse.2024.046615

Abstract System calls are essential interfaces that enable applications to access and utilize the operating system’s services and resources. Attackers frequently exploit application’s vulnerabilities and misuse system calls to execute malicious code, aiming to elevate privileges and so on. Consequently, restricting the misuse of system calls becomes a crucial measure in ensuring system security. It is an effective method known as reducing the attack surface. Existing attack surface reduction techniques construct a global whitelist of system calls for the entire lifetime of the application, which is coarse-grained. In this paper, we propose a Fine-grained Function-level framework… More >

Yasushi Koito^1,*, Akira Fukushima²

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.22, No.3, pp. 869-887, 2024, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2024.050910

Abstract Thermal and fluid-flow characteristics were numerically analyzed for ultra-thin heat pipes. Many studies have been conducted for ultra-thin heat pipes with a centered wick structure, but this study focused on separated wick structures to increase the evaporation/condensation surface areas within the heat pipe and to reduce the concentration of heat flux within the wick structure. A mathematical heat-pipe model was made in the three-dimensional coordinate system, and the model consisted of three regions: a vapor channel, liquid-wick, and container wall regions. The conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy were solved numerically with boundary conditions… More >

Md. Fayz-Al-Asad^1,4, F. Mebarek-Oudina^2,*, H. Vaidya³, Md. Shamim Hasan⁴, Md. Manirul Alam Sarker⁴, A. I. Ismail⁵

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.22, No.3, pp. 817-837, 2024, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2024.050814

Abstract The goal of this paper is to represent a numerical study of magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection heat transfer in a lid-driven vertical wavy enclosure with a fin attached to the bottom wall. We use a finite element method based on Galerkin weighted residual (GWR) techniques to set up the appropriate governing equations for the present flow model. We have conducted a parametric investigation to examine the impact of Hartmann and Richardson numbers on the flow pattern and heat transmission features inside a wavy cavity. We graphically represent the numerical results, such as isotherms, streamlines, velocity profiles,… More >

K. S. Rajendra Prasad¹, Sathya Sai², T. R. Seetharam³, Adithya Garimella^1,*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.22, No.3, pp. 889-917, 2024, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2024.047703

Abstract Numerical predictions are made for Laminar Forced convection heat transfer with and without buoyancy effects for Supercritical Nitrogen flowing over an isothermal horizontal flat plate with a heated surface facing downwards. Computations are performed by varying the value of from 5 to 30 K and ratio from 1.1 to 1.5. Variation of all the thermophysical properties of supercritical Nitrogen is considered. The wall temperatures are chosen in such a way that two values of T are less than is the temperature at which the fluid has a maximum value of C for the given pressure), More >

Mojtaba Yari^1,*, Manoj Khandelwal², Payam Abbasi³, Evangelos I. Koutras⁴, Danial Jahed Armaghani^5,*, Panagiotis G. Asteris⁴

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.140, No.3, pp. 2207-2238, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.048071

Abstract Geo-engineering problems are known for their complexity and high uncertainty levels, requiring precise definitions, past experiences, logical reasoning, mathematical analysis, and practical insight to address them effectively. Soft Computing (SC) methods have gained popularity in engineering disciplines such as mining and civil engineering due to computer hardware and machine learning advancements. Unlike traditional hard computing approaches, SC models use soft values and fuzzy sets to navigate uncertain environments. This study focuses on the application of SC methods to predict backbreak, a common issue in blasting operations within mining and civil projects. Backbreak, which refers to More >

Haoan Gu¹, Kai Zhu¹, Alfred Strauss², Yehui Shi^3,4, Dragoslav Sumarac⁵, Maosen Cao^1,*

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.18, No.4, pp. 363-380, 2024, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2024.042388

Abstract Concrete materials and structures are extensively used in transformation infrastructure and they usually bear cracks during their long-term operation. Detecting cracks using deep-learning algorithms like YOLOv3 (You Only Look Once version 3) is a new trend to pursue intelligent detection of concrete surface cracks. YOLOv3 is a typical deep-learning algorithm used for object detection. Owing to its generality, YOLOv3 lacks specific efficiency and accuracy in identifying concrete surface cracks. An improved algorithm based on YOLOv3, specialized in the rapid and accurate identification of concrete surface cracks is worthy of investigation. This study proposes a tailored… More >

Ruijin Huo^1,2,3, Qingxiang Pei^1,2,3, Xiaohui Yuan^1,*, Yanming Xu³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.140, No.2, pp. 2053-2077, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.049185

Abstract In this paper, a generalized th-order perturbation method based on the isogeometric boundary element method is proposed for the uncertainty analysis of broadband structural acoustic scattering problems. The Burton-Miller method is employed to solve the problem of non-unique solutions that may be encountered in the external acoustic field, and the th-order discretization formulation of the boundary integral equation is derived. In addition, the computation of loop subdivision surfaces and the subdivision rules are introduced. In order to confirm the effectiveness of the algorithm, the computed results are contrasted and analyzed with the results under Monte More >

Yang Cao^1,*, Jianshu Liu², Xuhui Meng¹

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.22, No.2, pp. 675-685, 2024, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2024.051208

Abstract Boiling heat transfer, as an efficient heat transfer approach, that can absorb a large amount of latent heat during the vaporization, is especially suitable for heat transfer occasions with high heat flux demands. Experimental studies show that the surface tension coefficient of pure water can be reduced sharply (up to 25%) when it is magnetized by a magnetic field applied externally. In this paper, magnetized water (MW) was used as the work fluid to conduct boiling heat transfer experiments, to explore the influence of magnetization on the boiling characteristics of pure water. The electromagnetic device… More >

Xiao Lu^1,*, Chengling Jiang¹, Zhoujun Ma¹, Haitao Li², Yuexin Liu²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.1, pp. 373-390, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.047469

Abstract Insulator defect detection plays a vital role in maintaining the secure operation of power systems. To address the issues of the difficulty of detecting small objects and missing objects due to the small scale, variable scale, and fuzzy edge morphology of insulator defects, we construct an insulator dataset with 1600 samples containing flashovers and breakages. Then a simple and effective surface defect detection method of power line insulators for difficult small objects is proposed. Firstly, a high-resolution feature map is introduced and a small object prediction layer is added so that the model can detect… More >