Shubham Desai, Sai Sidhardh^*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.144, No.2, pp. 1271-1334, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.068141 - 31 August 2025

Abstract The increasing integration of small-scale structures in engineering, particularly in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), necessitates advanced modeling approaches to accurately capture their complex mechanical behavior. Classical continuum theories are inadequate at micro- and nanoscales, particularly concerning size effects, singularities, and phenomena like strain softening or phase transitions. This limitation follows from their lack of intrinsic length scale parameters, crucial for representing microstructural features. Theoretical and experimental findings emphasize the critical role of these parameters on small scales. This review thoroughly examines various strain gradient elasticity (SGE) theories commonly employed in literature to capture these size-dependent effects… More >

M. I. Ahamed^a,*, T. Ayyasamy^b, N. Prathap^a, S. Ahamed^c

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.21, No.3, pp. 285-291, 2024, DOI:10.15251/CL.2024.213.285 - 20 January 2026

Abstract In recent times, zero-dimensional materials have gained importance from a fundamental and technological perspective. Lead selenium sulphide (PbSeS) is a potential candidate for finding interest in its zero-dimensional form among many compound semiconductors. Hence, in this communication, we explored the impact of quantum confinement effects on the energy band gap and wavelength of PbSeS semiconductor nanocrystals (Quantum dots) using cohesive energy and hyperbolic band models (HBM). Experimental data, such as scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis-NIR, and PL spectroscopies were used to determine the size of nanoparticles and wavelength. PbSeS nanocrystals were also prepared by one-pot synthesis. More >

Shihao Tian^1,2, Quanzi Yuan^1,2,*

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.27, No.4, pp. 1-1, 2023, DOI:10.32604/icces.2023.09327

Abstract When one soluble fiber is partially merged into liquid, a meniscus forms and the fiber can be dissolved into one pinpoint with curvature. This process has been used in the manufacture of sophisticated pinpoints. However, it is hard to observe the dissolution process in the laboratory and the dissolution mechanisms are still far from being well understood in the nanoscale. Here we utilize molecular dynamics simulations to study the dissolution process of one meniscus-adhered nanofiber. We find that the tip’s curvature radius decreases and then increases, reaching the maximum in the middle state. This state… More >

Zijie Chen^a , Sanat Modak^a, Massoud Kaviany^a,* , Richard Bonner^b

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.14, pp. 1-11, 2020, DOI:10.5098/hmt.14.1

Abstract In dropwise condensation on vertical surface, droplets grow at nucleation sites, coalesce and reach the departing diameter. In biphilic surfaces, when the hydrophobic domain is small, the maximum droplet diameter is controlled by the shortest dimension where the droplets merge at the boundary. Through direct numerical simulations this size-effect heat transfer coefficient enhancement is calculated. Then the 1-D biphilic surface is optimized considering the size-dependent hydrophilic domain partial flooding (directly simulated as a liquid rivulet and using the capillary limit), the subcooling (heat flux) and condenser length effects. The predicted performance is in good agreement More >

H.T. Liu^1,2, Z. Chen², S. Jiang², Y. Gan³, M.B. Liu⁴, J.Z. Chang¹, Z.H. Tong¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.95, No.4, pp. 303-315, 2013, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2013.095.303

Abstract Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) and molecular dynamics (MD) are both Lagrangian particle-based methods with similar equations except that the DPD specification for the force definition on the particles is the result of coarsegraining, and these two methods usually get the similar results in some specific cases. However, there are still some unknown differences between them. Considering the water response to external force, a comparative study of DPD and MD is conducted in this paper, which provides a better understanding on their relation, and a potential way to effectively bridge nanoscale and mesoscale simulation procedures. It More >

Letícia Fleck Fadel Miguel¹, Ignacio Iturrioz², Jorge Daniel Riera³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.56, No.1, pp. 1-16, 2010, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2010.056.001

Abstract Numerical predictions of the failure load of large structures, accounting for size effects, require the adoption of appropriate constitutive relations. These relations depend on the size of the elements and on the correlation lengths of the random fields that describe material properties. The authors proposed earlier expressions for the tensile stress-strain relation of concrete, whose parameters are related to standard properties of the material, such as Young's modulus or specific fracture energy and to size. Simulations conducted for a typical concrete showed that as size increases, the effective stress-strain diagram becomes increasingly linear, with a… More >

Veturia Chiroiu¹, Ligia Munteanu¹, Pier Paolo Delsanto²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.16, No.1, pp. 75-100, 2010, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2010.016.075

Abstract Conventional continuum theories are unable to capture the observed indentation size effects, due to the lack of intrinsic length scales that represent the measures of nanostructure in the constitutive relations. In order to overcome this deficiency, the Toupin-Mindlin strain gradient theory of nanoindentation is formulated in this paper and the size dependence of the hardness with respect to the depth and the radius of the indenter for multiple walled carbon nanotubes is investigated. Results show a peculiar size influence on the hardness, which is explained via the shear resistance between the neighboring walls during the More >

Arun K. Nair¹, Diana Farkas², Ronald D. Kriz¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.24, No.2&3, pp. 239-248, 2008, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2008.024.239

Abstract The indentation response of Ni thin films of thicknesses in the nano scale was studied using molecular dynamics simulations with embedded atom method (EAM) interatomic potentials. Simulations were performed in single crystal films in the [111] orientation with thicknesses of 7nm and 33nm. In the elastic regime, the loading curves observed start deviating from the Hertzian predictions for indentation depths greater than 2.5% of the film thickness. The observed loading curves are therefore dependent on the film thickness. The simulation results also show that the contact stress necessary to emit the first dislocation under the More >

N. Ohno¹, D. Okumura¹

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.4, No.4, pp. 207-214, 2007, DOI:10.3970/icces.2007.004.207

Abstract The self energy of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) is considered to inevitably introduce the higher-order stress work-conjugate to slip gradient in single crystals. It is pointed out that this higher-order stress stepwise changes in response to in-plane slip gradient and thus directly influences the onset of initial yielding in polycrystals. The self energy of GNDs is then incorporated into the strain gradient theory of Gurtin (2002). The resulting theory is applied to model crystal grains of size D, leading to a D-1-dependent term with a coefficient determined by grain shape and orientation. It is thus More >

Ch,ra S. Yerramalli¹, Anthony M. Waas²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.6, No.1, pp. 1-16, 2004, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2004.006.001

Abstract Results from a 3D finite element based study of the compression response of unidirectional fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites (FRPC) are presented in this paper. The micromechanics based study was used to simulate the compressive response of glass and carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites, with a view to understanding the effect of fiber diameter on compression strength. Results from the modeling and simulation indicate the presence of a complex three dimensional stress state in the matrix of the FRPC. Results from the simulation highlight the role of fiber diameter on the compressive response of More >