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  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Fungal assembly of L-asparaginase using solid-state fermentation: a review

    SALLY NASER1,2, WESAMELDIN SABER3, MOHAMMAD EL-METWALLY4,*, MAHMOUD MOUSTAFA5,6, ATTALLA EL-KOTT5,7

    BIOCELL, Vol.44, No.2, pp. 147-155, 2020, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2020.09522

    Abstract Because of its antitumor therapeutic-activity, as well as its application in food industries to improve the quality, L-asparaginase has attracted considerable attention from several investigators. In recent years, fungi have occupied advanced rank among microorganisms in the production process of the enzyme. This review is spotting the light on the advantages of fungal enzyme and its applications in the food industry and medications. The solid-state fermentation was discussed as the wide alternative and most accepted biosynthesis technique. However, some lights were also spotted to the statistical experimental design of the fermentation process, mainly on the methodology of the response surface… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Predicting long-term mortality after Fontan procedures: A risk score based on 6707 patients from 28 studies

    Tarek Alsaied1, Jouke P. Bokma2, Mark E. Engel3, Joey M. Kuijpers2, Samuel P. Hanke1, Liesl Zuhlke4, Bin Zhang5, Gruschen R. Veldtman6

    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.12, No.4, pp. 393-398, 2017, DOI:10.1111/chd.12468

    Abstract Background: Reported long-term outcome measures vary greatly between studies in Fontan patients making comprehensive appraisal of mortality hazard challenging. We sought to create a clinical risk score to assist monitoring of Fontan patients in the outpatient setting.
    Methods: A systematic review was conducted to evaluate risk factors for long-term (beyond the first postoperative year) mortality in Fontan patients. Studies were eligible for inclusion if ≥90 patients were included or ≥20 long-term mortalities we reported. Risk factors for long-term mortality were determined. The pooled hazard ratios were used to create components of a clinical score for long-term mortality using meta-analysis techniques.
    More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Pregnancy-related acute aortic dissection in Marfan syndrome: A review of the literature

    Katherine Smith, Bernard Gros

    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.12, No.3, pp. 251-260, 2017, DOI:10.1111/chd.12465

    Abstract A well-established association exists between acute aortic dissection and pregnancy, particularly in women with Marfan syndrome. However, there is debate regarding appropriate management guidelines. In particular, there are differing opinions regarding when prophylactic aortic root repair should be recommended as well as the efficacy of beta blockers in this clinical scenario. The current study evaluated 10 years of published literature (2005-2015) in the PubMed/Medline database. Fifty articles, describing 72 cases of women who presented with aortic dissection in the antepartum or postpartum period were identified. Comparisons on demographic variables and clinical outcomes between cases of women with Marfan syndrome (n… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Plant Oil-Based Waterborne Polyurethanes: A Brief Review

    Verónica L. Mucci1, M. E. Victoria Hormaiztegui2, Mirta I. Aranguren1,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.8, No.6, pp. 579-601, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2020.09455

    Abstract The increasing pressure from consumers and policy makers to reduce the use of synthetic polymers, whose production contributes to the depletion of non-renewable resources and are usually non- biodegradable, has prompted the efforts to find suitable bio-based sources for the production of polymers. Vegetable oils have been a frequently spotted in this search because they are versatile, highly available and a low cost liquid biosource, which can be used in the synthesis of a wide plethora of different polymers and reactive monomers. Following the same idea of reducing the environmental stress, the traditional polyurethanes that are soluble in organic solvents… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Effects of inspiratory muscle training in chronic heart failure patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

    Jing Wu1, Li Kuang1, Lijuan Fu2

    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.13, No.2, pp. 194-202, 2018, DOI:10.1111/chd.12586

    Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients.
    Design: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINHAL, and CBMdisc to collect controlled trials on the application of inspiratory muscle training in CHF patients from the establishment of these databases to November 2016. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed the quality of literature. Meta-analysis was conducted by software RevMan5.3.
    Results: Eight studies involving 302 patients were identified. Meta-analysis indicated that IMT significantly improved PImax, VE/VCO2 slope and dyspnea… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Five decades of the Fontan operation: A systematic review of international reports on outcomes after univentricular palliation

    Laura S. Kverneland1,2, Peter Kramer2, Stanislav Ovroutski2

    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.13, No.2, pp. 181-193, 2018, DOI:10.1111/chd.12570

    Abstract Almost fifty years after its first clinical application, the modified Fontan operation is among the most frequently performed procedures in congenital heart disease surgery in children today. The objective of this review is to systematically summarize the international evolution of outcomes in regard to morbidity and mortality of patients with Fontan palliation. All studies published over the past five decades with more than 100 Fontan patients included were screened. In eligible studies, information concerning preoperative patients’ characteristics, Fontan modifications employed, early mortality, long-term survival and frequency of relevant complications was extracted. Ultimately, thirty-one studies published by the largest surgical centers… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Cardiovascular outcomes of pregnancy in Marfan’s syndrome patients: A literature review

    So Yeon Kim1,2, Diana S. Wolfe2, Cynthia C. Taub2

    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.13, No.2, pp. 203-209, 2018, DOI:10.1111/chd.12546

    Abstract Aims: Pregnancy in patients with Marfan’s syndrome (MFS) carries an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, resulting in increased maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Literature on MFS pregnant patients is relatively sparse, and there has yet to be a concrete consensus on the management of this unique patient population. The purpose of our paper is to provide a literature review of case reports and studies on MFS during pregnancy (published between 2005 and 2015) and to explore cardiovascular outcomes of patients with MFS.
    Methods and Results: Of the 852 women in our review, there were 1112 pregnancies, with an aortic… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    State of the art review: Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in children

    Robert W. Loar, Cory V. Noel, Hari Tunuguntla, John L. Colquitt, Ricardo H. Pignatelli

    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.13, No.1, pp. 5-15, 2018, DOI:10.1111/chd.12564

    Abstract Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in adults and children is a topic with a growing interest in the cardiology literature. The ability to detect cardiac dysfunction in a timely manner is essential in order to begin adequate treatment and prevent further deterioration. This article aims to provide a review on the myocardial injury process, chemotherapeutic agents that lead to cardiotoxicity, the definition of cardiotoxicity, and the methods of timely detection and treatment. More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia complicating children after the Fontan procedure: Single-center experience and review of the literature

    Uri Pollak1,2,3, David Mishaly3,4, Gili Kenet3,5, Amir Vardi1,3

    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.13, No.1, pp. 16-25, 2018, DOI:10.1111/chd.12557

    Abstract Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a life-threatening complication of heparin therapy. The risk for HIT correlates with the cumulative dosage of heparin exposure. In Fontan patients, recurrent systemic anticoagulation, traditionally with heparin, is used to alleviate the thrombotic complications that may occur postoperatively when the venous pressure rises and the systemic venous flow into the pulmonary arteries becomes sluggish, putting them at increased risk. As a pressure gradient-dependent circulation, elevation in systemic venous pressure, most often by venous thrombosis, contributes to circuit failure. Therefore, when HIT complicates patients after the Fontan procedure, it is associated with a high thrombotic morbidity and… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    A case series of left main coronary artery ostial atresia and a review of the literature

    Mahmoud Alsalehi1, Aamir Jeewa1, Andrea Wan1, Juan Contreras2, Shi‐Joon Yoo3, Jessica A. Laks1

    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.14, No.6, pp. 901-923, 2019, DOI:10.1111/chd.12842

    Abstract Left main coronary artery ostial atresia (LMCAOA) is a rare congenital anomaly of the coronary arteries. The published literature regarding the current diagnostic and manage‐ ment recommendations are limited. We present three case series of LMCAOA from our institution, including one with a unique association with anomalous origin of left coronary artery (LCA) from pulmonary artery. In addition, this report includes a review of 50 pedi‐ atric and 43 adult cases from literature. The majority of the patients were symptomatic. Sudden cardiac death occurred in 10% of pediatric patients and 7% of adult patients. Almost half of pediatric patients had… More >

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