Altaf Hussain¹, Shuaiyong Li², Tariq Hussain³, Razaz Waheeb Attar⁴, Farman Ali^5,*, Ahmed Alhomoud⁶, Babar Shah⁷

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.2, pp. 2357-2394, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.056694 - 18 November 2024

Abstract Ad hoc networks offer promising applications due to their ease of use, installation, and deployment, as they do not require a centralized control entity. In these networks, nodes function as senders, receivers, and routers. One such network is the Flying Ad hoc Network (FANET), where nodes operate in three dimensions (3D) using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that are remotely controlled. With the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT), these nodes form an IoT-enabled network called the Internet of UAVs (IoU). However, the airborne nodes in FANET consume high energy due to their payloads and… More >

Ping Li¹, Kefeng Guo^2,*, Feng Zhou¹, Xueling Wang³, Yuzhen Huang⁴

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.138, No.2, pp. 1849-1864, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.029801 - 17 November 2023

Abstract Integrated satellite unmanned aerial vehicle relay networks (ISUAVRNs) have become a prominent topic in recent years. This paper investigates the average secrecy capacity (ASC) for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-enabled ISUAVRNs. Especially, an eve is considered to intercept the legitimate information from the considered secrecy system. Besides, we get detailed expressions for the ASC of the regarded secrecy system with the aid of the reconfigurable intelligent. Furthermore, to gain insightful results of the major parameters on the ASC in high signal-to-noise ratio regime, the approximate investigations are further gotten, which give an efficient method to value More >

Eman S. Attia¹, Ashraf A. M. Khalaf¹, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie², Saied M. Abd El-atty^2,*, Konstantinos A. Lizos^3,#, Osama Alfarraj⁴, Heba M. El-Hoseny⁵

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.138, No.2, pp. 1259-1275, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.028990 - 17 November 2023

Abstract Recently, nano-systems based on molecular communications via diffusion (MCvD) have been implemented in a variety of nanomedical applications, most notably in targeted drug delivery system (TDDS) scenarios. Furthermore, because the MCvD is unreliable and there exists molecular noise and inter symbol interference (ISI), cooperative nano-relays can acquire the reliability for drug delivery to targeted diseased cells, especially if the separation distance between the nano transmitter and nano receiver is increased. In this work, we propose an approach for optimizing the performance of the nano system using cooperative molecular communications with a nano relay scheme, while… More >

Zihan Qi^*

Energy Engineering, Vol.120, No.11, pp. 2547-2563, 2023, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.027045 - 31 October 2023

Abstract A novel operation control method for relay protection in flexible DC distribution networks with distributed power supply is proposed to address the issue of inaccurate fault location during relay protection, leading to poor performance. The method combines a fault-tolerant fault location method based on long-term and short-term memory networks to accurately locate the fault section. Then, an operation control method for relay protection based on adaptive weight and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is used to construct an objective function considering the shortest relay protection action time and the smallest impulse current. The adaptive weight and More >

Baofeng Ji^1,2,3,*, Mingkun Zhang^1,2, Weixing Wang¹, Song Chen⁴

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.137, No.3, pp. 2661-2673, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.028762 - 03 August 2023

Abstract The improvement of the quality and efficiency of vehicle wireless network data transmission is always a key concern in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Routing transmission solved the limitation of transmission distance to a certain extent. Traditional routing algorithm cannot adapt to complex traffic environment, resulting in low transmission efficiency. In order to improve the transmission success rate and quality of vehicle network routing transmission, make the routing algorithm more suitable for complex traffic environment, and reduce transmission power consumption to improve energy efficiency, a comprehensive optimized routing transmission algorithm is proposed. Based on the… More >

Jiangyuan Yao¹, Kaiwen Zou², Zheng Jiang², Shuhua Weng¹, Deshun Li^1,*, Yahui Li³, Xingcan Cao⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5929-5946, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.031284 - 29 April 2023

Abstract Quantum transmission experiments have shown that the successful transmission rate of entangled quanta in optical fibers decreases exponentially. Although current quantum networks deploy quantum relays to establish long-distance connections, the increase in transmission distance and entanglement switching costs still need to be considered when selecting the next hop. However, most of the existing quantum network models prefer to consider the parameters of the physical layer, which ignore the influence factors of the network layer. In this paper, we propose a meshy quantum network model based on quantum teleportation, which considers both network layer and physical… More >

Xiaoye Shi^1,*, Fei Ding^1,2, Haiting Zhu¹, Zhaowei Zhang¹, Lei Zhang¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.3, pp. 4819-4830, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.018637 - 28 December 2022

Abstract The simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) relay system is one of the emerging technologies. Xiaomi Corporation and Motorola Inc. recently launched indoor wireless power transfer equipment is one of the most promising applications. To tap the potential of the system, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) is introduced into the SWIPT relay system. Firstly, the time slot structure of HARQ scheme based on full duplex two-way amplify and forward (AF) SWIPT relay is given, and its retransmission status is analyzed. Secondly, the equivalent signal-to-noise ratio and outage probability of various states are calculated by More >

Sayyed Mudassar Shah¹, Tariq Hussain², Babar Shah³, Farman Ali⁴, Khalid Zaman¹, Kyung-Sup Kwak^5,*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.3, pp. 2587-2602, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.034489 - 21 December 2022

Abstract Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs) aim to find varied offshore ocean monitoring and exploration applications. In most of these applications, the network is composed of several sensor nodes deployed at different depths in the water. Sensor nodes located at depth on the seafloor cannot invariably communicate with nodes close to the surface level; these nodes need multi-hop communication facilitated by a suitable routing scheme. In this research work, a Cluster-based Cooperative Energy Efficient Routing (CEER) mechanism for UWSNs is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of the Co-UWSN and LEACH mechanisms. The optimal role of clustering… More >

Xiaoting Ren¹, Kefeng Guo^2,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.135, No.3, pp. 2515-2530, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.024857 - 23 November 2022

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the secrecy outage performance for the two-way integrated satellite unmanned aerial vehicle relay networks with hardware impairments. Particularly, the closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability is obtained. Moreover, to get more information on the secrecy outage probability in a high signal-to-noise regime, the asymptotic analysis along with the secrecy diversity order and secrecy coding gain for the secrecy outage probability are also further obtained, which presents a fast method to evaluate the impact of system parameters and hardware impairments on the considered network. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation results are More >

Mohammad Alkhawatrah^*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.2, pp. 1187-1197, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.030699 - 03 November 2022

Abstract Cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is heavily studied in the literature as a solution for 5G and beyond 5G applications. Cooperative NOMA transmits a superimposed version of all users’ messages simultaneously with the aid of a relay, after that, each user decodes its own message. Accordingly, NOMA is deemed as a spectral efficient technique. Another emerging technique exploits orbital angular momentum (OAM), where OAM is an attractive character of electromagnetic waves. OAM gathered a great deal of attention in recent years (similar to the case with NOMA) due to its ability to enhance electromagnetic spectrum… More >