Zhirong Jin^1,*, Xiaorui Hou¹, Yanrong Ge¹, Tiankui Guo², Ming Chen², Shuyi Li², Tianyu Niu²

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070750 - 27 January 2026

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing serves as a critical technology for reservoir stimulation in deep coalbed methane (CBM) development, where the mechanical properties of gangue layers exert a significant control on fracture propagation behavior. To address the unclear mechanisms governing fracture penetration across coal-gangue interfaces, this study employs the Continuum-Discontinuum Element Method (CDEM) to simulate and analyze the vertical propagation of hydraulic fractures initiating within coal seams, based on geomechanical parameters derived from the deep Benxi Formation coal seams in the southeastern Ordos Basin. The investigation systematically examines the influence of geological and operational parameters on cross-interfacial fracture… More >

Kunjie Wang, Chenghai Xu^*, Xinliang Zhao, Songhe Meng

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.34, No.1, pp. 1-1, 2025, DOI:10.32604/icces.2025.011534

Abstract Considering the high-temperature application environment and quasi-brittle characteristics, the high-temperature fracture toughness of C/SiC composites is of great significance for the safety application of components in service.
In this work, the fracture toughness of PIP-C/SiC composites at 25–1600 ℃ in inert atmosphere was tested. The test results show that the fracture toughness and modes of C/SiC composites have significant temperature dependence and difference in in-plane and out-of-plane orientations. With the rising of temperature, the carrying capacity and KIC of C/SiC composites increase first and then decrease, and an inflection point occurs near the fabrication temperature.… More >

Asma Batool¹, Fahad Ahmed¹, Naila Sammar Naz¹, Ayman Altameem², Ateeq Ur Rehman^3,4, Khan Muhammad Adnan^5,*, Ahmad Almogren^6,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.145, No.3, pp. 4129-4152, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.073149 - 23 December 2025

Abstract Early and accurate cancer diagnosis through medical imaging is crucial for guiding treatment and enhancing patient survival. However, many state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) methods remain opaque and lack clinical interpretability. This paper presents an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) framework that combines a fine-tuned Visual Geometry Group 16-layer network (VGG16) convolutional neural network with layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) to deliver high-performance classification and transparent decision support. This approach is evaluated on the publicly available Kaggle kidney cancer imaging dataset, which comprises labeled cancerous and non-cancerous kidney scans. The proposed model achieved 98.75% overall accuracy, with precision, More >

Quang-Thai Nguyen^1,2,#, Duong Ngoc Hai^3,4,#, The-Duc Nguyen^1,3,4,*, Van-Tu Nguyen^2,*, Jinyul Hwang², Warn-Gyu Park²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.145, No.3, pp. 3433-3452, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.070570 - 23 December 2025

Abstract This study presents a numerical analysis of the effects of a rigid flat wall with oscillating motion on the pressure wave propagation during a single spherical cavitation bubble collapse at different initial bubble positions. Different nondimensional distances S = 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 were considered to investigate the effects of initial in-phase and out-of-phase oscillations of the flat wall. Numerical simulations of cavitation bubble collapse near an oscillating wall were conducted using a compressible two-phase flow model. This model incorporated the Volume of Fluid (VOF) interface-sharpening technique on a general curvilinear moving… More > Graphic Abstract

Sari Masri, Ahmad Hasasneh^*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.49, pp. 481-497, 2025, DOI:10.32604/csse.2025.068616 - 10 October 2025

Abstract Diagnosing dental disorders using routine photographs can significantly reduce chair-side workload and expand access to care. However, most AI-based image analysis systems suffer from limited interpretability and are trained on class-imbalanced datasets. In this study, we developed a balanced, transformer-based pipeline to detect three common dental disorders: tooth discoloration, calculus, and hypodontia, from standard color images. After applying a color-standardized preprocessing pipeline and performing stratified data splitting, the proposed vision transformer model was fine-tuned and subsequently evaluated using standard classification benchmarks. The model achieved an impressive accuracy of 98.94%, with precision, recall and F1 scores More >

Hay Mon Aung¹, Aung Htay Naing^2,*, Chang Kil Kim², Kyeung II Park^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.9, pp. 2719-2727, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.068713 - 30 September 2025

Abstract Phalaenopsis orchids are economically important ornamental crops; however, their commercial micropropagation is often limited by poor rooting efficiency and inconsistent growth. In this study, we investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on the in vitro regeneration and growth of Phalaenopsis cultivar 611B to determine the optimal concentration of Ag-NPs for improved micropropagation outcomes. Shoot tip explants (2–3 mm)—derived from protocorm-like bodies were cultured on a regeneration medium containing Hyponex (20:20:20 and 6.5:6.5:19), 18 g/L sugar, 2 g/L peptone, 0.8 g/L activated charcoal, 12.5 g/L potato extract, 50 mL/L apple juice, and 10 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), with… More >

Arely A. Vargas-Díaz¹, Daisy Pérez-Brito², Beatriz Hernández-Carlos³, Jairo Cristóbal-Alejo^4,*, Silvia Andrade-Canto², Marcela Gamboa-Angulo^2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.9, pp. 2839-2853, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.066682 - 30 September 2025

Abstract In the search for new alternatives to control tropical fungal pathogens, the ethanol extracts (EEs) from Acalypha gaumeri (Euphorbiaceae) roots showed antifungal properties against several tropical fungal phytopathogens. A. gaumeri is classified as endemic to the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, an area with distinct rainy, drought and northern seasons. The present study evaluated the antifungal activity of three wild populations of A. gaumeri collected quarterly in different seasons during one year against Alternaria chrysanthemi, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Pseudocercospora fijiensis and explored their ex-situ propagation. The highest activity was shown by the EE from the Tinum wild population during the rainy season against A. chrysanthemi,… More >

Weishuai Zhang, Fengjiao Wang, Yikun Liu^*, Yilin Liu

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.33, No.1, pp. 1-1, 2025, DOI:10.32604/icces.2025.010789

Abstract The mechanism of vertical extension in high-volume hydraulic fracturing is of significant importance for the volumetric transformation of low-permeability reservoirs in deep offshore sandstone formations. The complexity of fracture propagation behavior is influenced by the characteristics of discontinuous thin layers in the vertical plane. However, the mechanisms and influencing factors of fracture extension in the vertical direction during high-volume hydraulic fracturing remain unclear. This study integrates true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring, employing a nonlinear finite element method to establish a multi-thin interlayer fracturing model based on seepage-stress-damage coupling. It investigates… More >

Yongting Duan^*Chengcheng Zhu

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.33, No.1, pp. 1-1, 2025, DOI:10.32604/icces.2025.010514

Abstract Clarify the mechanical properties of different laminations and the fracture mechanism of continental shale under in-situ stress can provide theoretical basis for more comprehensive evaluation of the fracability of continental shale oil reservoir. The Chang 72 continental shale was used to investigate the mechanical properties of laminations and the effect of natural structure on the crack propagation of the shale. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thin section tests show that the laminations contain two types: bright sandy lamination with void structure and dark muddy lamination with layer structure. The real-time Computed Tomography (CT) uniaxial compression… More >

Mohamed Gamal^1,#, Hamdy Ashour^1,#, Omar Huzayyin², Maran Marimuthu³, Ghulam E Mustafa Abro^4,*, Lina Mohamed¹

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.8, pp. 2027-2046, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2025.067678 - 12 September 2025

Abstract Atrium spaces, common in modern construction, provide significant fire safety challenges due to their large vertical openings, which facilitate rapid smoke spread and reduce sprinkler effectiveness. Traditional smoke management systems primarily rely on make-up air to replace the air expelled through vents. Inadequate calibration, particularly with air velocity, can worsen fire conditions by enhancing oxygen supply, increasing soot production, and reducing visibility, so endangering safe evacuation. This study investigates the impact of make-up air velocity on smoke behaviour in atrium environments through 24 simulations performed using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Scenarios include various fire… More >