Nuria Malena Tebez¹, María Cecilia Terrile^1,*, María Elisa Picco¹, María José Iglesias^2,*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.10, pp. 1913-1928, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.067833 - 22 October 2025

Abstract In plants, the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) plays a central role in hormonal regulation, including the action of the phytohormone auxin, which orchestrates numerous aspects of growth and development. Auxin modulates redox metabolism and promotes the accumulation of nitric oxide (NO) in various tissues and physiological contexts. NO functions as a redox signaling molecule, exerting its effects in part through the reversible oxidation of cysteine residues via a post-translational modification known as S-nitrosylation. Recent findings highlight a dynamic interplay between S-nitrosylation and the ubiquitination machinery, shaping critical aspects of auxin-mediated plant responses. In this review, we More >

Hay Mon Aung¹, Aung Htay Naing^2,*, Chang Kil Kim², Kyeung II Park^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.9, pp. 2719-2727, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.068713 - 30 September 2025

Abstract Phalaenopsis orchids are economically important ornamental crops; however, their commercial micropropagation is often limited by poor rooting efficiency and inconsistent growth. In this study, we investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on the in vitro regeneration and growth of Phalaenopsis cultivar 611B to determine the optimal concentration of Ag-NPs for improved micropropagation outcomes. Shoot tip explants (2–3 mm)—derived from protocorm-like bodies were cultured on a regeneration medium containing Hyponex (20:20:20 and 6.5:6.5:19), 18 g/L sugar, 2 g/L peptone, 0.8 g/L activated charcoal, 12.5 g/L potato extract, 50 mL/L apple juice, and 10 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), with… More >

Muhammad Zaid Jawaid, Muhammad Fasih Khalid, Ahmed Abou Elezz, Talaat Ahmed^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.8, pp. 2423-2439, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.068303 - 29 August 2025

Abstract Salt stress is a major threat to crop agricultural productivity. Salinity affects plants’ physiological and biochemical functions by hampering metabolic functions and decreasing photosynthetic rates. Salinity causes hyperosmotic and hyperionic stress, directly impairing plant growth. In this study, eggplant seeds primed with moringa leaf extract (5%, 10%, and 15%), nano-titanium dioxide (0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06%), and ascorbic acid (0.5, 1, and 2 mM) at different NaCl salt (0, 75, and 150 mM) concentration were grown. The germination attributes (final germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time, and mean germination rate) and growth (root length, shoot… More >

Imene Tatar Caliskan^1,2, George Dzorgbenya Ametefe³, Aziz Caliskan⁴, Su-Ee Lau^1,5, Yvonne Jing Mei Liew⁶, Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram⁵, Boon Chin Tan^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.8, pp. 2229-2254, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.067225 - 29 August 2025

Abstract Myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factors (TFs) are evolutionarily conserved regulatory proteins that are crucial for plant growth, development, secondary metabolism, and stress adaptation. Recent studies have highlighted their crucial role in coordinating growth–defense trade-offs through transcriptional regulation of key biosynthetic and stress-response genes. Despite extensive functional characterization in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana, systematically evaluating the broader functional landscape of MYB TFs across diverse species and contexts remains necessary. This systematic review integrates results from 24 peer-reviewed studies sourced from Scopus and Web of Science, focusing on the functional diversity of MYB TFs, particularly in relation… More >

Shahin Imran^1,2,#,*, Mousumi Jahan Sumi^3,#, Israt Jahan Harine⁴, Newton Chandra Paul¹, Md. Asif Mahamud⁵, Rakibul Hasan Md. Rabbi⁵, Marian Brestic⁶, Mohammad Saidur Rhaman^7,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.4, pp. 1073-1109, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.064046 - 30 April 2025

Abstract Heavy metal (HM) accumulation in soil poses a major hazard to both ecological health and plant growth progressions. Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni) are examples of HMs that negatively impact the growth and development of plants, resulting in lower agricultural output and food safety concerns. Biochar (BC), a substance rich in carbon that is formed by pyrolyzing natural biomass, has demonstrated remarkable promise in reducing HM stress in polluted soils. Research has shown that BC effectively lowers plant uptake of metals, and enhances soil qualities,… More >

Chen Lin^1,*, Zidan Zhang¹, Zhao Zhang¹, Yuxiang Long¹, Xuwen Shen¹, Jinghao Zhang¹, Youping Wang^1,2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.3, pp. 583-601, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.063086 - 31 March 2025

Abstract Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) represent a large and diverse enzyme family ubiquitously distributed across the plant kingdom. These proteins catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with electrophilic substrates in response to various stress conditions. Beyond their role in stress adaptation, certain GSTs are integral regulators of plant growth and development, contributing to a range of physiological processes. Most GST proteins exhibit dual enzymatic activities, functioning as both transferases and peroxidases, which enables their involvement in diverse cellular processes, including detoxification and stress responses. Recent advancements, particularly in X-ray crystallography, have enabled detailed structural analysis of GST More >

Guolan Wang, Ting Xie, Lijun Fu, Siying Qu, Jie Li^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.3, pp. 953-971, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.060634 - 31 March 2025

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the optimal proportions of plant growth regulators for growth and non-tube rapid propagation of Cymbidium tortisepalum var. longibracteatum; seedlings were utilized as the material. The effects of various combinations and concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), gibberellic acid (GA₃), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on growth and non-tube rapid propagation were assessed through a single-factor testing and response surface methodology. The results indicated that 6-BA at 60 mg/L, GA₃ at 150 mg/L, and NAA at 30 mg/L were the most effective concentrations for promoting leaf buds formation in the single-factor analysis. Response surface… More >

Mengjie Xu, Anbin Wang, Tonghong Zuo, Hecui Zhang, Zhihao Hu, Liquan Zhu^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.1, pp. 157-179, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.060566 - 24 January 2025

Abstract Calmodulin-like (CMLs) proteins are critical in calcium signaling and essential for plant growth, development, and stress responses. In many species, the CMLs families have been identified and described. However, the characterization and expression profiling of CMLs genes in tobacco is retrievable. In this study, a comprehensive whole-genome identification and analysis, and 75 NtCML genes were identified in tobacco, each containing two to four EF-hand domains. Most NtCML proteins exhibited conserved gene structures and motifs. Notably, most NtCML proteins were intron-less and distributed across 18 chromosomes. Two pairs of tandemly duplicated genes and seven pairs of segmentally More >

Su-Ee Lau^1,2,*, Lucas Wei Tze Lim³, Mohd Fadhli Hamdan⁴, Colin Chan⁵, Noor Baity Saidi⁶, Janna Ong-Abdullah⁶, Boon Chin Tan^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.1, pp. 1-31, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.059930 - 24 January 2025

Abstract Abiotic stresses such as drought, heat, salinity, and heavy metal contamination severely affect global agricultural productivity. Between 2005 and 2015, droughts caused losses of approximately USD 29 billion in developing countries, and from 2008 to 2018, droughts accounted for over 34% of crop and livestock yield losses, totaling about USD 37 billion. To support the growing human population, agricultural output must increase substantially, necessitating a 60%–100% rise in crop productivity to meet the escalating demand. To address environmental challenges, organic, inorganic, and microbial biostimulants are increasingly employed to enhance plant resilience through various morphological, physiological,… More >

Bouazza Chami^1,2, Nabil Touzout², Souad Guemouri-Athmani¹, Djamel Baali-Cherif³, Adil Mihoub⁴, Jakub Černý^5,*, Muhammad Farhan Saeed⁶, Aftab Jamal^7,*, Hayi Mohamed Yassine⁸, Yaser Hassan Dewir⁹, Aurelio Scavo¹⁰

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3313-3329, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.059865 - 31 December 2024

Abstract Intensive agricultural practices have undeniably reduced soil fertility and crop productivity. Furthermore, alkaline calcareous soils represent a significant challenge for agricultural production, particularly durum wheat, which is vital for ensuring food security. It is therefore essential to explore new cereal management strategies to maintain food production and promote crop sustainability. The application of soil microorganisms, particularly plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), as inoculants to enhance crop production is a growing area of interest. This study investigates the effects of the rhizobacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa SGH1 and SGK2, applied both individually and in combination, on the growth and… More >