Binjiang Hu^1,*, Yihua Zhu², Liang Tu^1,2, Zun Ma³, Xian Meng³, Kewei Xu³

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069777 - 27 December 2025

Abstract This paper proposes an equivalent modeling method for photovoltaic (PV) power stations via a particle swarm optimization (PSO) K-means clustering (KMC) algorithm with passive filter parameter clustering to address the complexities, simulation time cost and convergence problems of detailed PV power station models. First, the amplitude–frequency curves of different filter parameters are analyzed. Based on the results, a grouping parameter set for characterizing the external filter characteristics is established. These parameters are further defined as clustering parameters. A single PV inverter model is then established as a prerequisite foundation. The proposed equivalent method combines the… More >

Mussad Mohammed Al-Zahrani^*, Taher Maatallah

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.6, pp. 1883-1905, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.074656 - 31 December 2025

Abstract Conventional concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) face a persistent trade-off between high efficiency and high cost, driven by expensive multi-junction solar cells and complex active cooling systems. This study presents a computational investigation of a novel Multi-Focal Pyramidal Array (MFPA)-based CPV system designed to overcome this limitation. The MFPA architecture employs a geometrically optimized pyramidal concentrator to distribute concentrated sunlight onto strategically placed, low-cost monocrystalline silicon cells, enabling high efficiency energy capture while passively managing thermal loads. Coupled optical thermal electrical simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics demonstrate a geometric concentration ratio of 120×, with system temperatures maintained below More >

Jinyou Qiu^1,2, Jiale Liu^1,2, Yubing Li^1,2,*, Shaogeng Zhong³, Guilong Dai^1,2, Wenhua Liu⁴

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.6, pp. 2025-2049, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.072260 - 31 December 2025

Abstract The growing demand for energy-saving and renewable heating solutions has made photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) heat pump systems a promising technology. However, their thermal and electrical performance, as well as the overall utilization of solar energy, strongly depend on capacity configuration and operating parameters. To address this issue, this study proposes a PV/T heat pump system featuring a novel rhombic flow channel structure that functions as the collector-evaporator. An experimental test bench was established to evaluate system performance, and a one-dimensional numerical model was developed to investigate the effects of environmental and operating parameters. The simulation results… More > Graphic Abstract

Guo-Feng Fan^1,2, Jia-Jing Qian¹, Li-Ling Peng¹, Xin-Hang Jia¹, Ling-Han Zuo¹, Jia-Can Yan¹, Jiang-Yan Chen¹, Anantkumar J. Umbarkar³, Wei-Chiang Hong^4,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.145, No.3, pp. 3813-3837, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.073615 - 23 December 2025

Abstract Accurate prediction of perovskite photovoltaic materials’ optoelectronic properties is crucial for developing efficient and stable materials, advancing solar technology. To address poor interpretability, high computational complexity, and inaccurate predictions in relevant machine learning models, this paper proposes a novel methodology. The technical route of this paper mainly centers on the random forest-knowledge distillation-bidirectional gated recurrent unit with attention technology (namely RF-KD-BIGRUA), which is applied in perovskite photovoltaic materials. Primarily, it combines random forest to quantitatively assess feature importance, selecting variables with significant impacts on photoelectric conversion efficiency. Subsequently, statistical techniques analyze the weight distribution of More >

Chen Pan, ChangGyoon Lim^*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.145, No.3, pp. 3747-3781, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.073389 - 23 December 2025

Abstract Solar forecasting using ground-based sky image offers a promising approach to reduce uncertainty in photovoltaic (PV) power generation. However, existing methods often rely on deterministic predictions that lack diversity, making it difficult to capture the inherently stochastic nature of cloud movement. To address this limitation, we propose a new two-stage probabilistic forecasting framework. In the first stage, we introduce I-GPT, a multiscale physics-constrained generative model for stochastic sky image prediction. Given a sequence of past sky images, I-GPT uses a Transformer-based VQ-VAE. It also incorporates multi-scale physics-informed recurrent units (Multi-scale PhyCell) and dynamically weighted fuses… More >

K. Kannan^a,*, B. Manjunatha^b, T. Marimuthu^c, P. Sangeetha^d

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.2, pp. 167-175, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.222.167

Abstract Cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films are extensively utilized as a window layer in photovoltaic (PV) devices due to their high transmittance, suitable bandgap, and favorable electrical properties. This work presents a comprehensive performance analysis of CdS based thin films in PV applications, examining key factors such as optical, electrical, and structural properties. The bandgap (approximately 2.42 eV) allows effective photon transmission, reducing energy losses. Critical performance metrics, including film thickness, grain size, crystallinity, and interface quality with the absorber layer, are optimized to enhance charge separation and minimize recombination losses. The study highlights the balance More >

D. A. Adu-Boadu^a, M. Paal^a, M. B. Mensah^b, I. Nkrumah^a,*, R. Y. Tamakloe^a, F. K. Ampong^a, R. K. Nkum^a, F. Boakye^a

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.7, pp. 603-614, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.227.603

Abstract Cd_1-xPb_xSe (0≤ x ≤ 1) thin films with values of x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5 and 1, have been deposited by chemical bath technique for photovoltaic application. The deposition temperature, time and pH of the reactive solutions were 80℃, 150 min and 11 respectively. The XRD results confirmed the polycrystalline nature of all the films. It also showed that all the films exist in face centered cubic structures. There were no pure phases of CdSe and PbSe identified in the XRD results of the ternary compounds. The average grain sizes determined for each sample were… More >

Q. Fei^1,*, B. Jin², B. C. Jiang³, J. S. Huang⁴, L. Li⁵

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.8, pp. 693-705, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.228.693

Abstract An innovative hybrid nanostructure composed of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) oligomers and cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles was developed to enhance the efficiency of organic– inorganic photovoltaic devices. The DPP-CdS hybrids were synthesized via a solution-phase mixing method, resulting in uniform nanoparticle dispersion along polymer fibrils and strong interfacial coupling. Structural characterization confirmed the coexistence of crystalline CdS domains and partially ordered DPP phases, while spectroscopic analyses indicated notable redshifts and band broadening, evidencing electronic interactions at the interface. The hybrid material displayed significantly broadened light absorption across the 400–700 nm range and an optimized optical bandgap of… More >

S. R. Ahmed^a,*, M. V. V. K. Srinivas Prasad^b, K. Keerthivasan^c

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.8, pp. 679-691, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.228.679

Abstract This work used a sonication-aided approach to make Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles and Nitrogen-doped CdS nanoparticles. Doping Nitrogen into CdS NPs enhances the material's electrical, chemical, and structural properties by altering its surface area and functional sites. XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDX, TGA, UV-Vis, and PSA are used to evaluate the characteristic features of CdS NPs. The photovoltaic responses of the prepared CdS and CdS-N NPs were evaluated by electrochemical impedance and IV analysis. The obtained XRD data confirms that nitrogen doping significantly changes the crystal size of CdS NPs. The XPS spectrum depicts the presence of trace More >

A. N. Jafarova, A. F. Gochuyeva^*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.9, pp. 821-828, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.229.821

Abstract In our work, we investigated the photoelectric effects arising in composites consisting of polar (fluorine-containing) and non-polar (polyolefin) polymers—such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), PVDF, F42 — and an inorganic phase composed of A^II< B^VI (CdS, ZnS) and ferrocene. In addition, the processes occurring in these composites during the creation of these effects have been studied. It was found that the parameters of the formation of the posistor effect in the polymer-ferrocene composite are related to the presence of an interphase potential barrier, which is determined by the geometric dimensions of the interphase transition layer, dielectric permeability, More >