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  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Pharmacological Phase I Clinical Trials in Pediatric Brain Tumors (1990–2024): A Historical Perspective

    Rosa Scarpitta1,#, Emiliano Cappello1,#, Alice Cangialosi1, Veronica Gori1, Giulia De Luca1,2, Giovanni Gori3, Guido Bocci1,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.10, pp. 2603-2656, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.066260 - 26 September 2025

    Abstract Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common solid tumors in pediatric patients and the leading cause of childhood cancer-related mortality. Their rarity compared to adult cancers has made enrolling sufficient cases for clinical trials challenging. Consequently, pediatric CNS tumors were long treated with adult protocols despite distinct biological and clinical characteristics. This review examines key aspects of phase I pediatric oncology trials, including study design, primary outcomes, and pharmacological approaches, along with secondary considerations like clinical responses and ethical aspects. Firstly, we evaluated all phase I trial protocols focusing on pediatric CNS tumors… More > Graphic Abstract

    Pharmacological Phase I Clinical Trials in Pediatric Brain Tumors (1990–2024): A Historical Perspective

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Leveraging EfficientNetB3 in a Deep Learning Framework for High-Accuracy MRI Tumor Classification

    Mahesh Thyluru Ramakrishna1, Kuppusamy Pothanaicker2, Padma Selvaraj3, Surbhi Bhatia Khan4,7,*, Vinoth Kumar Venkatesan5, Saeed Alzahrani6, Mohammad Alojail6

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.1, pp. 867-883, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.053563 - 15 October 2024

    Abstract Brain tumor is a global issue due to which several people suffer, and its early diagnosis can help in the treatment in a more efficient manner. Identifying different types of brain tumors, including gliomas, meningiomas, pituitary tumors, as well as confirming the absence of tumors, poses a significant challenge using MRI images. Current approaches predominantly rely on traditional machine learning and basic deep learning methods for image classification. These methods often rely on manual feature extraction and basic convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The limitations include inadequate accuracy, poor generalization of new data, and limited ability… More >

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