Mohammed Abazeed^*

Journal on Internet of Things, Vol.4, No.4, pp. 227-233, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jiot.2022.039598

Abstract Wireless multimedia sensor networks present unique quality of service and resource management requirements that distinguish them from scalar data in traditional wireless sensor networks. These demands pose a formidable obstacle to sensor nodes, which are resource-constrained and thus require distinct strategies and techniques to operate effectively. Multipath routing improves reliability while conserving the limited resources of sensor nodes. The source node selects the most optimal paths for delivering multimedia packets based on the multi-hop routes. This paper investigates the impact of packet loss on the observed frame rate in multipath routing protocols and evaluates it mathematically at the receiver node.… More >

S. J. Sangeetha^1,*, T. Rajendran²

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.46, No.1, pp. 1169-1181, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.033392

Abstract Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) connect numerous nodes to communicate data from the sender node to the target node. Due to the lack of an infrastructure network, mobile nodes communicate through wireless without an access point. MANET does not have a centralized controller and has a dynamic network topology, which increases link failure and energy consumption resulting in excessive path delay, loss of Quality of service (QoS), and reduced throughput during data communication. Congestion is a significant problem when the QoS of the link carrying the data is degraded. Routing is one of the vital challenges of MANET due to the… More >

T. Shanmugapriya^1,*, Dr. K. Kousalya²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.1, pp. 879-894, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.032074

Abstract The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network of Sensor Nodes (SN) which adopt radio signals for communication amongst themselves. There is an increase in the prominence of WSN adaptability to emerging applications like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Data security, detection of faults, management of energy, collection and distribution of data, network protocol, network coverage, mobility of nodes, and network heterogeneity are some of the issues confronted by WSNs. There is not much published information on issues related to node mobility and management of energy at the time of aggregation of data. Towards the goal… More >

S. Rajeswari^1,*, S. A. Arunmozhi¹, Y. Venkataramani²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.34, No.3, pp. 1959-1970, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.025957

Abstract Multiple radios working on different channels are used in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) to improve network performance and reduce Energy Consumption (EC). Effective routing in Backbone WMNs is where each cross-section switch is well-organized with multiple Radio Interfaces (RI), and a subset of hubs is occupied as a gateway to the Internet. Most routing methods decrease the forward overheads by evolving one dimension, e.g., hop count and traffic proportion. With that idea, while considering these dimensions together, the complexity of the routing issue increases drastically. Consequently, an effective EC routing method considers a few performances simultaneously, and the requirement of… More >

K. Lavanya^1,*, K. Vimala Devi², B. R. Tapas Bapu³

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.34, No.2, pp. 837-848, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.023055

Abstract Multipath TCP (SMPTCP) has gained more attention as a valuable approach for IoT systems. SMPTCP is introduced as an evolution of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to pass packets simultaneously across several routes to completely exploit virtual networks on multi-homed consoles and other network services. The current multipath networking algorithms and simulation software strategies are confronted with sub-flow irregularity issues due to network heterogeneity, and routing configuration issues can be fixed adequately. To overcome the issues, this paper proposes a novel deep reinforcement-based extreme learning machines (DRLELM) approach to examine the complexities between routes, pathways, sub-flows, and SMPTCP connections in different… More >

Dah-Jing Jwo^1,*, Wei-Yeh Chang²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.1, pp. 755-773, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025040

Abstract This paper investigates the navigational performance of Global Positioning System (GPS) using the variational Bayesian (VB) based robust filter with interacting multiple model (IMM) adaptation as the navigation processor. The performance of the state estimation for GPS navigation processing using the family of Kalman filter (KF) may be degraded due to the fact that in practical situations the statistics of measurement noise might change. In the proposed algorithm, the adaptivity is achieved by estimating the time-varying noise covariance matrices based on VB learning using the probabilistic approach, where in each update step, both the system state and time-varying measurement noise… More >

V. Gayatri^*, M. Senthil Kumaran

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.1, pp. 1831-1845, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021857

Abstract Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a group of node that would interrelate among each other through one multi-hop wireless link, wherein the nodes were able to move in response to sudden modifications. The objective of MANET routing protocol is to quantify the route and compute the best path, but there exists a major decrease in energy efficiency, difficulty in hop selection, cost estimation, and efficient load-balancing. In this paper, a novel least common multipath-based routing has been proposed. Multipath routing is used to find a multipath route from source and destination. Load balancing is of primary importance in the… More >

S. G. Siddharth^1,*, G. M. Tamilselvan², C. Venkatesh³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.3, pp. 5219-5234, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019252

Abstract In underground operation, primary consideration is safety. In recent decades, for minimizing accident and for preventing major economic losses and casualties, wireless sensors are used by various large mineral countries through early warning. The Improved DV-Hop Localization Algorithm (IDVHLA) is used in existing works for doing this. However, accurate anchor node detection is impossible in existing works with the malicious nodes presence, where there won't be any accurate sharing of anchor node's location information. In case of emergency situation, faster communication is a highly complex one. A technique called Modified Distance Vector Hop based Multipath Routing Protocol (MDVHMRP) is introduced… More >

Haijun Geng¹, Qidong Zhang¹, Jiangyuan Yao^2,*, Wei Wang¹, Zikun Jin¹, Han Zhang³, Yangyang Zhang⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 2029-2039, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016368

Abstract A reduction in network energy consumption and the establishment of green networks have become key scientific problems in academic and industrial research. Existing energy efficiency schemes are based on a known traffic matrix, and acquiring a real-time traffic matrix in current complex networks is difficult. Therefore, this research investigates how to reduce network energy consumption without a real-time traffic matrix. In particular, this paper proposes an intra-domain energy-efficient routing scheme based on multipath routing. It analyzes the relationship between routing availability and energy-efficient routing and integrates the two mechanisms to satisfy the requirements of availability and energy efficiency. The main… More >

Dah-Jing Jwo^*, Jui-Tao Lee

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.1, pp. 857-876, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016894

Abstract This paper investigates the kernel entropy based extended Kalman filter (EKF) as the navigation processor for the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as the Global Positioning System (GPS). The algorithm is effective for dealing with non-Gaussian errors or heavy-tailed (or impulsive) interference errors, such as the multipath. The kernel minimum error entropy (MEE) and maximum correntropy criterion (MCC) based filtering for satellite navigation system is involved for dealing with non-Gaussian errors or heavy-tailed interference errors or outliers of the GPS. The standard EKF method is derived based on minimization of mean square error (MSE) and is optimal only under… More >