Raghavendra Kulkarni¹, Venkata Satya Suresh kumar Kondeti¹, Binu Sudhakaran Pillai², Surendran Rajendran^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.1, pp. 1-23, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.069835 - 10 November 2025

Abstract The next-generation RAN, known as Open Radio Access Network (ORAN), allows for several advantages, including cost-effectiveness, network flexibility, and interoperability. Now ORAN applications, utilising machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, have become standard practice. The need for Federated Learning (FL) for ML model training in ORAN environments is heightened by the modularised structure of the ORAN architecture and the shortcomings of conventional ML techniques. However, the traditional plaintext model update sharing of FL in multi-BS contexts is susceptible to privacy violations such as deep-leakage gradient assaults and inference. Therefore, this research presents a… More >

Yuling Luo^1,2, Xiaoguang Lin^1,2, Junxiu Liu^1,2,*, Qiang Fu^1,2, Sheng Qin^1,2, Zhen Min^1,2, Tinghua Hu^1,2

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.3, pp. 5323-5343, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063860 - 19 May 2025

Abstract The majors accredited by the Engineering Education Accreditation (EEA) reflect the accreditation agency’s recognition of the school’s engineering programs. Excellent accreditation management holds significant importance for the advancement of engineering education programs. However, the traditional engineering education system framework suffers from the opacity of raw education data and the difficulty for accreditation bodies to forensically examine the self-assessment reports. To solve these issues, an EEA framework based on Hyperledger Fabric blockchain technology is proposed in this work. Firstly, all relevant stakeholders and information interactions occur within the blockchain network, ensuring the authenticity of educational data More >

Muhammad Saad, Ki-Woong Park^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.2, pp. 1881-1900, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.061733 - 16 April 2025

Abstract The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices introduces substantial security challenges. Currently, privacy constitutes a significant concern for individuals. While maintaining privacy within these systems is an essential characteristic, it often necessitates certain compromises, such as complexity and scalability, thereby complicating management efforts. The principal challenge lies in ensuring confidentiality while simultaneously preserving individuals’ anonymity within the system. To address this, we present our proposed architecture for managing IoT devices using blockchain technology. Our proposed architecture works on and off blockchain and is integrated with dashcams and closed-circuit television (CCTV) security cameras. In this… More >

Jinyang Yu^1,2, Xiao Zhang^1,2,3,*, Jinjiang Wang^1,2, Yuchen Zhang^1,2, Yulong Shi^1,2, Linxuan Su^1,2, Leijie Zeng^1,2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.78, No.2, pp. 2159-2179, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.047340 - 27 February 2024

Abstract The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) systems has resulted in the generation of substantial data, presenting new challenges in reliable storage and trustworthy sharing. Conventional distributed storage systems are hindered by centralized management and lack traceability, while blockchain systems are limited by low capacity and high latency. To address these challenges, the present study investigates the reliable storage and trustworthy sharing of IoT data, and presents a novel system architecture that integrates on-chain and off-chain data manage systems. This architecture, integrating blockchain and distributed storage technologies, provides high-capacity, high-performance, traceable, and verifiable data storage… More >

Hongliang Tian, Junyuan Tian^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.78, No.1, pp. 1297-1310, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.047058 - 30 January 2024

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) access control mechanism may encounter security issues such as single point of failure and data tampering. To address these issues, a blockchain-based IoT reputation value attribute access control scheme is proposed. Firstly, writing the reputation value as an attribute into the access control policy, and then deploying the access control policy in the smart contract of the blockchain system can enable the system to provide more fine-grained access control; Secondly, storing a large amount of resources from the Internet of Things in Inter Planetary File System (IPFS) to improve system More >

Muhammad Shakeel Faridi¹, Saqib Ali^1,2,*, Guojun Wang^2,*, Salman Afsar Awan¹, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.2, pp. 1837-1854, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.041929 - 29 November 2023

Abstract Trustworthiness and product traceability are essential factors in the apparel industry 4.0 for establishing successful business relationships among stakeholders such as customers, manufacturers, suppliers, and consumers. Each stakeholder has implemented different technology-based systems to record and track product transactions. However, these systems work in silos, and there is no intra-system communication, leading to a lack of complete supply chain traceability for all apparel stakeholders. Moreover, apparel stakeholders are reluctant to share their business information with business competitors; thus, they involve third-party auditors to ensure the quality of the final product. Furthermore, the apparel manufacturing industry… More >

Shanthi Perumalsamy, Venkatesh Kaliyamurthy^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.2, pp. 2341-2357, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.040269 - 29 November 2023

Abstract Due to its complexity and involvement of numerous stakeholders, the pharmaceutical supply chain presents many challenges that companies must overcome to deliver necessary medications to patients efficiently. The pharmaceutical supply chain poses different challenging issues, encompasses supply chain visibility, cold-chain shipping, drug counterfeiting, and rising prescription drug prices, which can considerably surge out-of-pocket patient costs. Blockchain (BC) offers the technical base for such a scheme, as it could track legitimate drugs and avoid fake circulation. The designers presented the procedure of BC with fabric for creating a secured drug supply-chain management (DSCM) method. With this… More >

Xiangjuan Jia¹, Jing Xu¹, Mengwei Han¹, Qing Zhang¹, Lu Zhang¹, Xiaofeng Chen^1,2,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.137, No.2, pp. 1491-1523, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.026357 - 26 June 2023

Abstract As one of the most concerned digital technologies in recent years, blockchain and distributed ledger technology are an important driving force for a new round of technological development. It is currently in the process of accelerating its evolution and maturity, and has gradually integrated with other digital technologies. It has been applied in many industries, providing decentralized solutions for various industries, realizing innovative storage models, and building a new trust system. As blockchain technology is officially incorporated into China’s new information infrastructure category, the application fields of blockchain have expanded rapidly, gradually extending from the… More >

Shivani Batra¹, Mohammad Zubair Khan^2,*, Gatish Priyadarshi³, Ayman Noor⁴, Talal H. Noor⁵, Namrata Sukhija⁶, Prakash Srivastava⁷

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.76, No.1, pp. 631-646, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.039241 - 08 June 2023

Abstract Plasma therapy is an extensively used treatment for critically unwell patients. For this procedure, a legitimate plasma donor who can continue to supply plasma after healing is needed. However, significant dangers are associated with supply management, such as the ambiguous provenance of plasma and the spread of infected or subpar blood into medicinal fabrication. Also, from an ideological standpoint, less powerful people may be exploited throughout the contribution process. Moreover, there is a danger to the logistics system because there are now just some plasma shippers. This research intends to investigate the blockchain-based solution for More >

Muhammad Saad¹, Maaz Bin Ahmad^1,*, Muhammad Asif², Muhammad Khalid Khan¹, Toqeer Mahmood³, Elsayed Tag Eldin^4,*, Hala Abdel Hameed^5,6

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.76, No.1, pp. 687-709, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.038335 - 08 June 2023

Abstract Pandemics have always been a nightmare for humanity, especially in developing countries. Forced lockdowns are considered one of the effective ways to deal with spreading such pandemics. Still, developing countries cannot afford such solutions because these may severely damage the country’s economy. Therefore, this study presents the proactive technological mechanisms for business organizations to run their standard business processes during pandemic-like situations smoothly. The novelty of this study is to provide a state-of-the-art solution to prevent pandemics using industrial internet of things (IIoT) and blockchain-enabled technologies. Compared to existing studies, the immutable and tamper-proof contact… More >