Chenxuan Zhang, Yongqing Qi*, Ximin Cao, Yanchi Zhang
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069878
- 27 January 2026
Abstract To enhance the low-carbon economic efficiency and increase the utilization of renewable energy within integrated energy systems (IES), this paper proposes a low-carbon dispatch model integrating power-to-gas (P2G), carbon capture and storage (CCS), hydrogen fuel cell (HFC), and combined heat and power (CHP). The P2G process is refined into a two-stage structure, and HFC is introduced to enhance hydrogen utilization. Together with CCS and CHP, these devices form a multi-energy conversion system coupling electricity, heat, cooling, and gas. A ladder-type carbon trading approach is adopted to flexibly manage carbon output by leveraging marginal cost adjustments.… More >