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Search Results (29)
  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Opportunities and challenges of CD47-targeted therapy in cancer immunotherapy

    QIUQIANG CHEN1,*, XUEJUN GUO2, WENXUE MA3,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 49-60, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.042383

    Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer, with the tumor microenvironment (TME) playing a pivotal role in modulating the immune response. CD47, a cell surface protein, has been identified as a crucial regulator of the TME and a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy. However, the precise functions and implications of CD47 in the TME during immunotherapy for cancer patients remain incompletely understood. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of CD47’s multifaced role in TME regulation and immune evasion, elucidating its impact on various types of immunotherapy outcomes, including checkpoint inhibitors and… More > Graphic Abstract

    Opportunities and challenges of CD47-targeted therapy in cancer immunotherapy

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    mTORC2 promotes pancreatic cancer progression and parp inhibitor resistance

    CHIWEN BU1,2, LIGANG ZHAO1, LISHAN WANG1, ZEQIAN YU1, JIAHUA ZHOU1,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.31, No.4, pp. 495-503, 2023, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.029309

    Abstract Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers with a median survival time of less than 5 months, and conventional chemotherapeutics are the main treatment strategy. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been recently approved for BRCA1/2-mutant pancreatic cancer, opening a new era for targeted therapy for this disease. However, most pancreatic cancer patients carry wild-type BRCA1/2 with resistance to PARP inhibitors. Here, we reported that mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) kinase is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and promotes pancreatic cancer cell growth and invasion. Moreover, we found that knockdown of the mTORC2 obligate subunit Rictor sensitized… More > Graphic Abstract

    mTORC2 promotes pancreatic cancer progression and parp inhibitor resistance

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Targeting DNA repair for cancer treatment: Lessons from PARP inhibitor trials

    DHANYA K. NAMBIAR1, DEEPALI MISHRA2, RANA P. SINGH2,3,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.31, No.4, pp. 405-421, 2023, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.028310

    Abstract Ionizing radiation is frequently used to treat solid tumors, as it causes DNA damage and kill cancer cells. However, damaged DNA is repaired involving poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) causing resistance to radiation therapy. Thus, PARP-1 represents an important target in multiple cancer types, including prostate cancer. PARP is a nuclear enzyme essential for single-strand DNA breaks repair. Inhibiting PARP-1 is lethal in a wide range of cancer cells that lack the homologous recombination repair (HR) pathway. This article provides a concise and simplified overview of the development of PARP inhibitors in the laboratory and their clinical applications. We focused on the… More > Graphic Abstract

    Targeting DNA repair for cancer treatment: Lessons from PARP inhibitor trials

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Targeting the “undruggable” cancer driver genes: Ras, myc, and tp53

    XINGBO WU, DAN PAN, SHOUYI TANG, YINGQIANG SHEN*

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.7, pp. 1459-1472, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.028790

    Abstract The term “undruggable” is to describe molecules that are not targetable or at least hard to target pharmacologically. Unfortunately, some targets with potent oncogenic activity fall into this category, and currently little is known about how to solve this problem, which largely hampered drug research on human cancers. Ras, as one of the most common oncogenes, was previously considered “undruggable”, but in recent years, a few small molecules like Sotorasib (AMG-510) have emerged and proved their targeted anti-cancer effects. Further, myc, as one of the most studied oncogenes, and tp53, being the most common tumor suppressor genes, are both considered… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    The progress of combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors in breast cancer

    KAIMIN FAN, JUNWEI WENG*

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.6, pp. 1199-1211, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.028516

    Abstract Immunotherapy targets the dysfunctional immune system to induce cancer cell killing by CD8-positive T cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), specifically anti-PD-1 antibodies, anti-PD-L1 antibodies, and anti-CTLA4 antibodies, have revolutionized the management of many malignancies due to their significant role in generating a durable clinical response. However, clinical data suggest that response rates to ICI monotherapy are low due to the immunologically silent characteristics of breast cancer (BC). Chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy were recently reported to alter the tumor microenvironment and enhance the ICI response. Some clinical studies supported that ICIs, in combination with other treatment strategies, show superior… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Hydrophobic Small-Molecule Polymers as High-Temperature-Resistant Inhibitors in Water-Based Drilling Fluids

    Xuyang Yao1,*, Kecheng Liu1, Zenan Zhou1, Jun Zhou1, Xianbin Huang2, Tiemei Lu1, Yongsheng Yu1, He Li2

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.7, pp. 1775-1787, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2023.025843

    Abstract Water-based drilling fluids can cause hydration of the wellbore rocks, thereby leading to instability. This study aimed to synthesize a hydrophobic small-molecule polymer (HLMP) as an inhibitor to suppress mud shale hydration. An infrared spectral method and a thermogravimetric technique were used to characterize the chemical composition of the HLMP and evaluate its heat stability. Experiments were conducted to measure the linear swelling, rolling recovery rate, and bentonite inhibition rate and evaluate accordingly the inhibition performance of the HLMP. Moreover, the HLMP was characterized through measurements of the zeta potential, particle size distribution, contact angles, and interlayer space testing. As… More > Graphic Abstract

    Hydrophobic Small-Molecule Polymers as High-Temperature-Resistant Inhibitors in Water-Based Drilling Fluids

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Utilization of kinase inhibitors as novel therapeutic drug targets: A review

    SUCHITRA NISHAL1, VIKAS JHAWAT1,*, SUMEET GUPTA2, PARMITA PHAUGAT1

    Oncology Research, Vol.30, No.5, pp. 221-230, 2022, DOI:10.32604/or.2022.027549

    Abstract Kinase inhibitors are a significant and continuously developing division of target therapeutics. The drug discovery and improvement efforts have examined numerous attempts to target the signaling pathway of kinases. The Kinase inhibitors have been heralded as a game-changer in cancer treatment. For developing kinase inhibitors as a treatment for various non-malignant disorders like auto-immune diseases, is currently undergoing extensive research. It may be beneficial to investigate whether cell-specific kinase inhibitor administration enhances therapeutic efficacy and decreases adverse effects. The goal of the current review is to gain insight into the role of kinase inhibitors in facilitating effective target drug delivery… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Histone deacetylase inhibitors as a novel therapeutic approach for pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas

    ASPASIA MANTA1, SPYRIDON KAZANAS2, STEFANOS KARAMAROUDIS3, HELEN GOGAS2, DIMITRIOS C. ZIOGAS2,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.30, No.5, pp. 211-219, 2022, DOI:10.32604/or.2022.026913

    Abstract Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications (e.g., acetylation and deacetylation), are strongly implicated in the carcinogenesis of various malignancies. During transcription, the expression and functionality of coding gene products are altered following the histone acetylation and deacetylation. These processes are regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), respectively. HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) have been developed as promising therapeutic agents, to limit exposure to traditional and toxic chemotherapies and offer more alternatives for some specific malignant diseases with limited options. Mechanistically, these agents affect many intracellular pathways, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and differentiation, and their mechanism… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Is autophagy induction by PARP inhibitors a target for therapeutic benefit?

    AHMED M. ELSHAZLY1,2, TUONG VI V. NGUYEN1, DAVID A. GEWIRTZ1,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.30, No.1, pp. 1-12, 2022, DOI:10.32604/or.2022.026459

    Abstract PARP inhibitors have proven to be effective in conjunction with conventional therapeutics in the treatment of various solid as well as hematologic malignancies, particularly when the tumors are deficient in DNA repair pathways. However, as the case with other chemotherapeutic agents, their effectiveness is often compromised by the development of resistance. PARP inhibitors have consistently been reported to promote autophagy, a process that maintains cellular homeostasis and acts as an energy source by the degradation and reutilization of damaged subcellular organelles and proteins. Autophagy can exhibit different functional properties, the most prominent being cytoprotective. In addition, both cytotoxic and non-protective… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    dbSCI: A manually curated database of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors for COVID-19

    QIANG WANG#, GUO ZHAO#, LONGXIANG XIE#, XUAN LI, XIXI YU, QIONGSHAN LI, BAOPING ZHENG, ZULIPINUER WUSIMAN, XIANGQIAN GUO*

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.2, pp. 367-371, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.025310

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic. Here, by centralizing published cell-based experiments, clinical trials, and virtual drug screening data from the NCBI PubMed database, we developed a database of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors for COVID-19, dbSCI, which includes 234 SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors collected from publications based on cell-based experiments, 81 drugs of COVID-19 in clinical trials and 1305 potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors from bioinformatics analyses. dbSCI provides four major functions: (1) search the drug target or its inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2, (2) browse target/inhibitor information collected from cell experiments, clinical trials, and… More >

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