Muhammad Ahmad^1,*, Manuel Mazzara², Salvatore Distefano³, Adil Mehmood Khan⁴, Hamad Ahmed Altuwaijri⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.1, pp. 503-532, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.056318 - 15 October 2024

Abstract Disjoint sampling is critical for rigorous and unbiased evaluation of state-of-the-art (SOTA) models e.g., Attention Graph and Vision Transformer. When training, validation, and test sets overlap or share data, it introduces a bias that inflates performance metrics and prevents accurate assessment of a model’s true ability to generalize to new examples. This paper presents an innovative disjoint sampling approach for training SOTA models for the Hyperspectral Image Classification (HSIC). By separating training, validation, and test data without overlap, the proposed method facilitates a fairer evaluation of how well a model can classify pixels it was… More >

Mehrdad Shoeibi¹, Mohammad Mehdi Sharifi Nevisi², Reza Salehi³, Diego Martín^3,*, Zahra Halimi⁴, Sahba Baniasadi⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.3, pp. 3469-3493, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.049847 - 20 June 2024

Abstract Hyperspectral (HS) image classification plays a crucial role in numerous areas including remote sensing (RS), agriculture, and the monitoring of the environment. Optimal band selection in HS images is crucial for improving the efficiency and accuracy of image classification. This process involves selecting the most informative spectral bands, which leads to a reduction in data volume. Focusing on these key bands also enhances the accuracy of classification algorithms, as redundant or irrelevant bands, which can introduce noise and lower model performance, are excluded. In this paper, we propose an approach for HS image classification using… More >

Yaming Kang^1,*, Peishun Ye¹, Yuxiu Bai¹, Shi Qiu²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.2, pp. 2151-2168, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.049360 - 15 May 2024

Abstract Hyperspectral imagery encompasses spectral and spatial dimensions, reflecting the material properties of objects. Its application proves crucial in search and rescue, concealed target identification, and crop growth analysis. Clustering is an important method of hyperspectral analysis. The vast data volume of hyperspectral imagery, coupled with redundant information, poses significant challenges in swiftly and accurately extracting features for subsequent analysis. The current hyperspectral feature clustering methods, which are mostly studied from space or spectrum, do not have strong interpretability, resulting in poor comprehensibility of the algorithm. So, this research introduces a feature clustering algorithm for hyperspectral… More >

Tsu-Yang Wu^1,2, Haonan Li², Saru Kumari³, Chien-Ming Chen^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.1, pp. 19-46, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.048347 - 25 April 2024

Abstract Hyperspectral image classification stands as a pivotal task within the field of remote sensing, yet achieving high-precision classification remains a significant challenge. In response to this challenge, a Spectral Convolutional Neural Network model based on Adaptive Fick’s Law Algorithm (AFLA-SCNN) is proposed. The Adaptive Fick’s Law Algorithm (AFLA) constitutes a novel metaheuristic algorithm introduced herein, encompassing three new strategies: Adaptive weight factor, Gaussian mutation, and probability update policy. With adaptive weight factor, the algorithm can adjust the weights according to the change in the number of iterations to improve the performance of the algorithm. Gaussian… More >

Usman Khan¹, Muhammad Khalid Khan¹, Muhammad Ayub Latif¹, Muhammad Naveed^1,2,*, Muhammad Mansoor Alam^2,3,4, Salman A. Khan¹, Mazliham Mohd Su’ud^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.78, No.3, pp. 2967-3000, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.045101 - 26 March 2024

Abstract Recently, there has been a notable surge of interest in scientific research regarding spectral images. The potential of these images to revolutionize the digital photography industry, like aerial photography through Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), has captured considerable attention. One encouraging aspect is their combination with machine learning and deep learning algorithms, which have demonstrated remarkable outcomes in image classification. As a result of this powerful amalgamation, the adoption of spectral images has experienced exponential growth across various domains, with agriculture being one of the prominent beneficiaries. This paper presents an extensive survey encompassing multispectral and… More >

S. Srinivasan, K. Rajakumar^*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.47, No.2, pp. 2481-2496, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.040817 - 28 July 2023

Abstract

The high dimensionalhyperspectral image classification is a challenging task due to the spectral feature vectors. The high correlation between these features and the noises greatly affects the classification performances. To overcome this, dimensionality reduction techniques are widely used. Traditional image processing applications recently propose numerous deep learning models. However, in hyperspectral image classification, the features of deep learning models are less explored. Thus, for efficient hyperspectral image classification, a depth-wise convolutional neural network is presented in this research work. To handle the dimensionality issue in the classification process, an optimized self-organized map model is employed

… More >

M. R. Vimala Devi, S. Kalaivani^*

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.37, No.2, pp. 2459-2476, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.038183 - 21 June 2023

Abstract Spectral unmixing helps to identify different components present in the spectral mixtures which occur in the uppermost layer of the area owing to the low spatial resolution of hyperspectral images. Most spectral unmixing methods are globally based and do not consider the spectral variability among its endmembers that occur due to illumination, atmospheric, and environmental conditions. Here, endmember bundle extraction plays a major role in overcoming the above-mentioned limitations leading to more accurate abundance fractions. Accordingly, a two-stage approach is proposed to extract endmembers through endmember bundles in hyperspectral images. The divide and conquer method… More >

Sultan Alahmari¹, Saud Yonbawi², Suneetha Racharla³, E. Laxmi Lydia⁴, Mohamad Khairi Ishak⁵, Hend Khalid Alkahtani^6,*, Ayman Aljarbouh⁷, Samih M. Mostafa⁸

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.47, No.1, pp. 375-391, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.036362 - 26 May 2023

Abstract Hyperspectral imaging instruments could capture detailed spatial information and rich spectral signs of observed scenes. Much spatial information and spectral signatures of hyperspectral images (HSIs) present greater potential for detecting and classifying fine crops. The accurate classification of crop kinds utilizing hyperspectral remote sensing imaging (RSI) has become an indispensable application in the agricultural domain. It is significant for the prediction and growth monitoring of crop yields. Amongst the deep learning (DL) techniques, Convolution Neural Network (CNN) was the best method for classifying HSI for their incredible local contextual modeling ability, enabling spectral and spatial… More >

Imran Ali¹, Zohaib Mushtaq², Saad Arif³, Abeer D. Algarni^4,*, Naglaa F. Soliman⁴, Walid El-Shafai^5,6

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.46, No.1, pp. 303-319, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.034374 - 20 January 2023

Abstract Hyperspectral imaging is gaining a significant role in agricultural remote sensing applications. Its data unit is the hyperspectral cube which holds spatial information in two dimensions while spectral band information of each pixel in the third dimension. The classification accuracy of hyperspectral images (HSI) increases significantly by employing both spatial and spectral features. For this work, the data was acquired using an airborne hyperspectral imager system which collected HSI in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) range of 400 to 1000 nm wavelength within 180 spectral bands. The dataset is collected for nine different crops on… More >

Mesfer Al Duhayyim^1,*, Hadeel Alsolai², Siwar Ben Haj Hassine³, Jaber S. Alzahrani⁴, Ahmed S. Salama⁵, Abdelwahed Motwakel⁶, Ishfaq Yaseen⁶, Abu Sarwar Zamani⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.2, pp. 3167-3181, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.033054 - 31 October 2022

Abstract Hyperspectral remote sensing/imaging spectroscopy is a novel approach to reaching a spectrum from all the places of a huge array of spatial places so that several spectral wavelengths are utilized for making coherent images. Hyperspectral remote sensing contains acquisition of digital images from several narrow, contiguous spectral bands throughout the visible, Thermal Infrared (TIR), Near Infrared (NIR), and Mid-Infrared (MIR) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. In order to the application of agricultural regions, remote sensing approaches are studied and executed to their benefit of continuous and quantitative monitoring. Particularly, hyperspectral images (HSI) are considered the… More >