Naif Almusallam^1,*, Junaid Qayyum^2,3

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.2, pp. 3653-3687, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.067220 - 23 September 2025

Abstract This paper proposes a novel hybrid fraud detection framework that integrates multi-stage feature selection, unsupervised clustering, and ensemble learning to improve classification performance in financial transaction monitoring systems. The framework is structured into three core layers: (1) feature selection using Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Mutual Information (MI) to reduce dimensionality and enhance input relevance; (2) anomaly detection through unsupervised clustering using K-Means, Density-Based Spatial Clustering (DBSCAN), and Hierarchical Clustering to flag suspicious patterns in unlabeled data; and (3) final classification using a voting-based hybrid ensemble of Support Vector Machine (SVM),… More >

Adam Khalid¹, Anazida Zainal¹, Fuad A. Ghaleb², Bander Ali Saleh Al-rimy³, Yussuf Ahmed^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.3, pp. 5665-5691, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063451 - 30 July 2025

Abstract Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) represent one of the most complex and dangerous categories of cyber-attacks characterised by their stealthy behaviour, long-term persistence, and ability to bypass traditional detection systems. The complexity of real-world network data poses significant challenges in detection. Machine learning models have shown promise in detecting APTs; however, their performance often suffers when trained on large datasets with redundant or irrelevant features. This study presents a novel, hybrid feature selection method designed to improve APT detection by reducing dimensionality while preserving the informative characteristics of the data. It combines Mutual Information (MI), Symmetric… More >

Mohammad Al-Omari¹, Qasem Abu Al-Haija^2,*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.48, No.6, pp. 1537-1555, 2024, DOI:10.32604/csse.2024.056257 - 22 November 2024

Abstract More businesses are deploying powerful Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to secure their data and physical assets. Improved cyber-attack detection and prevention in these systems requires machine learning (ML) approaches. This paper examines a cyber-attack prediction system combining feature selection (FS) and ML. Our technique’s foundation was based on Correlation Analysis (CA), Mutual Information (MI), and recursive feature reduction with cross-validation. To optimize the IDS performance, the security features must be carefully selected from multiple-dimensional datasets, and our hybrid FS technique must be extended to validate our methodology using the improved UNSW-NB 15 and TON_IoT datasets. More >

E. Jenifer Sweetlin^*, S. Saudia

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.37, No.1, pp. 343-367, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.036742 - 29 April 2023

Abstract This paper proposes a hybrid feature selection sequence complemented with filter and wrapper concepts to improve the accuracy of Machine Learning (ML) based supervised classifiers for classifying the survivability of breast cancer patients into classes, living and deceased using METABRIC and Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) datasets. The ML-based classifiers used in the analysis are: Multiple Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine and Multilayer Perceptron. The workflow of the proposed ML algorithm sequence comprises the following stages: data cleaning, data balancing, feature selection via a filter and wrapper sequence, More >

Aliaa El-Gawady^1,*, BenBella S. Tawfik¹, Mohamed A. Makhlouf^1,2

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.3, pp. 5559-5572, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.034734 - 28 December 2022

Abstract Gene expression (GE) classification is a research trend as it has been used to diagnose and prognosis many diseases. Employing machine learning (ML) in the prediction of many diseases based on GE data has been a flourishing research area. However, some diseases, like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), have not received considerable attention, probably owing to data scarcity obstacles. In this work, we shed light on the prediction of AD from GE data accurately using ML. Our approach consists of four phases: preprocessing, gene selection (GS), classification, and performance validation. In the preprocessing phase, gene columns are… More >

Adel Hamdan Mohammad^1,* , Sami Smadi², Tariq Alwada’n³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.132, No.2, pp. 435-450, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.020088 - 15 June 2022

Abstract Undoubtedly, spam is a serious problem, and the number of spam emails is increased rapidly. Besides, the massive number of spam emails prompts the need for spam detection techniques. Several methods and algorithms are used for spam filtering. Also, some emergent spam detection techniques use machine learning methods and feature extraction. Some methods and algorithms have been introduced for spam detecting and filtering. This research proposes two models for spam detection and feature selection. The first model is evaluated with the email spam classification dataset, which is based on reducing the number of keywords to… More >

Adel Hamdan Mohammad^1,*, Tariq Alwada’n², Omar Almomani³, Sami Smadi³, Nidhal ElOmari⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.1, pp. 133-150, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027475 - 18 May 2022

Abstract Intrusion detection is a serious and complex problem. Undoubtedly due to a large number of attacks around the world, the concept of intrusion detection has become very important. This research proposes a multilayer bio-inspired feature selection model for intrusion detection using an optimized genetic algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed multilayer model consists of two layers (layers 1 and 2). At layer 1, three algorithms are used for the feature selection. The algorithms used are Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), and Firefly Optimization Algorithm (FFA). At the end of layer 1, a priority value… More >

Maryam Zaffar^1,2,*, Manzoor Ahmed Hashmani¹, Raja Habib², KS Quraishi³, Muhammad Irfan⁴, Samar Alqhtani⁵, Mohammed Hamdi⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1893-1920, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018295 - 07 September 2021

Abstract Student performance prediction helps the educational stakeholders to take proactive decisions and make interventions, for the improvement of quality of education and to meet the dynamic needs of society. The selection of features for student's performance prediction not only plays significant role in increasing prediction accuracy, but also helps in building the strategic plans for the improvement of students’ academic performance. There are different feature selection algorithms for predicting the performance of students, however the studies reported in the literature claim that there are different pros and cons of existing feature selection algorithms in selection… More >

Adel Hamdan Mohammad^*

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.30, No.1, pp. 65-80, 2021, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2021.016140 - 26 July 2021

Abstract Intrusion detection is an important topic that aims at protecting computer systems. Besides, feature selection is crucial for increasing the performance of intrusion detection. This paper employs a new hybrid feature selection model for intrusion detection. The implemented model uses Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms in a new manner. In addition, this study introduces two new models called (PSO-GWO-NB) and (PSO-GWO-ANN) for feature selection and intrusion detection. PSO and GWO show emergent results in feature selection for several purposes and applications. This paper uses PSO and GWO to select features… More >

Husam Ali Abdulmohsin^1,*, Hala Bahjat Abdul Wahab², Abdul Mohssen Jaber Abdul Hossen³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.3, pp. 3997-4016, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014840 - 06 May 2021

Abstract

Feature selection (FS) (or feature dimensional reduction, or feature optimization) is an essential process in pattern recognition and machine learning because of its enhanced classification speed and accuracy and reduced system complexity. FS reduces the number of features extracted in the feature extraction phase by reducing highly correlated features, retaining features with high information gain, and removing features with no weights in classification. In this work, an FS filter-type statistical method is designed and implemented, utilizing a t-test to decrease the convergence between feature subsets by calculating the quality of performance value (QoPV). The approach utilizes

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