Siwen Xu¹, Hanning Chen², Rui Ni¹, Maowei He², Zhaodi Ge³, Xiaodan Liang^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-25, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.071398 - 09 December 2025

Abstract Selective Laser Melting (SLM), an advanced metal additive manufacturing technology, offers high precision and personalized customization advantages. However, selecting reasonable SLM parameters is challenging due to complex relationships. This study proposes a method for identifying the optimal process window by combining the simulation model with an optimization algorithm. JAYA is guided by the principle of preferential behavior towards best solutions and avoidance of worst ones, but it is prone to premature convergence thus leading to insufficient global search. To overcome limitations, this research proposes a Differential Evolution-framed JAYA algorithm (DEJAYA). DEJAYA incorporates four key enhancements More >

Qun Song¹, Chao Gao¹, Han Wu¹, Zhiheng Rao¹, Huafeng Qin^1,*, Simon Fong^1,2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-49, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070918 - 09 December 2025

Abstract Metaheuristic algorithms, renowned for strong global search capabilities, are effective tools for solving complex optimization problems and show substantial potential in e-Health applications. This review provides a systematic overview of recent advancements in metaheuristic algorithms and highlights their applications in e-Health. We selected representative algorithms published between 2019 and 2024, and quantified their influence using an entropy-weighted method based on journal impact factors and citation counts. CThe Harris Hawks Optimizer (HHO) demonstrated the highest early citation impact. The study also examined applications in disease prediction models, clinical decision support, and intelligent health monitoring. Notably, the More >

Rekha Phadke¹, Abdul Lateef Haroon Phulara Shaik², Dayanidhi Mohapatra³, Doaa Sami Khafaga^4,*, Eman Abdullah Aldakheel⁴, N. Sathyanarayana⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-26, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.067564 - 09 December 2025

Abstract Recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology has been utilized in a wide range of services and applications which significantly transforms digital ecosystems through seamless interconnectivity between various smart devices. Furthermore, the IoT plays a key role in multiple domains, including industrial automation, smart homes, and intelligent transportation systems. However, an increasing number of connected devices presents significant challenges related to efficient resource allocation and system responsiveness. To address these issue, this research proposes a Modified Walrus Optimization Algorithm (MWaOA) for effective resource management in smart IoT systems. In the proposed MWaOA, a crowding process… More >

Junxiang Li^1,2, Zhipeng Dong², Ben Han³, Jianqiao Chen³, Xinxin Zhang^1,2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.1, pp. 1-19, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070816 - 10 November 2025

Abstract Owing to their global search capabilities and gradient-free operation, metaheuristic algorithms are widely applied to a wide range of optimization problems. However, their computational demands become prohibitive when tackling high-dimensional optimization challenges. To effectively address these challenges, this study introduces cooperative metaheuristics integrating dynamic dimension reduction (DR). Building upon particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE), the proposed cooperative methods C-PSO and C-DE are developed. In the proposed methods, the modified principal components analysis (PCA) is utilized to reduce the dimension of design variables, thereby decreasing computational costs. The dynamic DR strategy implements periodic… More >

Asal Jameel Khudhair^#, Amenah Dahim Abbood^#,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.1, pp. 1-31, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.068553 - 10 November 2025

Abstract Community detection is one of the most fundamental applications in understanding the structure of complicated networks. Furthermore, it is an important approach to identifying closely linked clusters of nodes that may represent underlying patterns and relationships. Networking structures are highly sensitive in social networks, requiring advanced techniques to accurately identify the structure of these communities. Most conventional algorithms for detecting communities perform inadequately with complicated networks. In addition, they miss out on accurately identifying clusters. Since single-objective optimization cannot always generate accurate and comprehensive results, as multi-objective optimization can. Therefore, we utilized two objective functions… More >

Fawad Zaman^1,#, Adeel Iqbal^2,#, Bakhtiar Ali¹, Abdul Khader Jilani Saudagar^3,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.145, No.2, pp. 2535-2550, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.072638 - 26 November 2025

Abstract Accurate estimation of the Direction-of-Arrival (DoA) of incident plane waves is essential for modern wireless communication, radar, sonar, and localization systems. Precise DoA information enables adaptive beamforming, spatial filtering, and interference mitigation by steering antenna array beams toward desired sources while suppressing unwanted signals. Traditional one-dimensional Uniform Linear Arrays (ULAs) are limited to elevation angle estimation due to geometric constraints, typically within the range [0, π]. To capture full spatial characteristics in environments with multipath and angular spread, joint estimation of both elevation and azimuth angles becomes necessary. However, existing 2D and 3D array geometries… More >

Seungyeon Baek^1,#, Jueun Jeon^2,#, Byeonghui Jeong¹, Young-Sik Jeong^1,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.145, No.1, pp. 1213-1236, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.070679 - 30 October 2025

Abstract With the advent of the sixth-generation wireless technology, the importance of using artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) devices is increasing to enhance efficiency. As massive volumes of data are collected and stored in these AIoT environments, each device becomes a potential attack target, leading to increased security vulnerabilities. Therefore, intrusion detection studies have been conducted to detect malicious network traffic. However, existing studies have been biased toward conducting in-depth analyses of individual packets to improve accuracy or applying flow-based statistical information to ensure real-time performance. Effectively responding to complex and multifaceted threats in large-scale AIoT… More >

Ahmed El Maloufy, Mohamed Amine Tahiri, Ahmed Bencherqui, Hicham Karmouni, Mhamed Sayyouri^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.3, pp. 5789-5822, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.068885 - 23 October 2025

Abstract In the current digital context, safeguarding copyright is a major issue, particularly for architectural drawings produced by students. These works are frequently the result of innovative academic thinking combining creativity and technical precision. They are particularly vulnerable to the risk of illegal reproduction when disseminated in digital format. This research suggests, for the first time, an innovative approach to copyright protection by embedding a double digital watermark to address this challenge. The solution relies on a synergistic fusion of several sophisticated methods: Krawtchouk Optimized Octonion Moments (OKOM), Quaternion Singular Value Decomposition (QSVD), and Discrete Waveform… More >

Raja Masadeh¹, Omar Almomani^2,*, Abdullah Zaqebah¹, Shayma Masadeh³, Kholoud Alshqurat³, Ahmad Sharieh⁴, Nesreen Alsharman⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.2, pp. 3709-3737, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.066797 - 23 September 2025

Abstract This research presents a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithm, called the Narwhale Optimization Algorithm (NWOA). The algorithm draws inspiration from the foraging and prey-hunting strategies of narwhals, “unicorns of the sea”, particularly the use of their distinctive spiral tusks, which play significant roles in hunting, searching prey, navigation, echolocation, and complex social interaction. Particularly, the NWOA imitates the foraging strategies and techniques of narwhals when hunting for prey but focuses mainly on the cooperative and exploratory behavior shown during group hunting and in the use of their tusks in sensing and locating prey under the… More >

Manuel J. C. S. Reis^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.2, pp. 3023-3039, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.066390 - 23 September 2025

Abstract The Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) presents a significant challenge in combinatorial optimization, especially under real-world uncertainties such as variable travel times, service durations, and dynamic customer demands. These uncertainties make traditional deterministic models inadequate, often leading to suboptimal or infeasible solutions. To address these challenges, this work proposes an adaptive hybrid metaheuristic that integrates Genetic Algorithms (GA) with Local Search (LS), while incorporating stochastic uncertainty modeling through probabilistic travel times. The proposed algorithm dynamically adjusts parameters—such as mutation rate and local search probability—based on real-time search performance. This adaptivity enhances the algorithm’s… More >