K. M. Delphin Raj¹, Sun-Ho Yum¹, Jinyoung Lee², Eunbi Ko³, Soo-Yong Shin², Soo-Hyun Park^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 5721-5743, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020870

Abstract For the past few decades, the internet of underwater things (IoUT) obtained a lot of attention in mobile aquatic applications such as oceanography, diver network monitoring, unmanned underwater exploration, underwater surveillance, location tracking system, etc. Most of the IoUT applications rely on acoustic medium. The current IoUT applications face difficulty in delivering a reliable communication system due to the various technical limitations of IoUT environment such as low data rate, attenuation, limited bandwidth, limited battery, limited memory, connectivity problem, etc. One of the significant applications of IoUT include monitoring underwater diver networks. In order to perform a reliable and energy-efficient… More >

Kanwal Imran^1,*, Nasreen Anjum², Abdullah Alghamdi³, Asadullah Shaikh³, Mohammed Hamdi³, Saeed Mahfooz¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1033-1052, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018589

Abstract IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) provides IP connectivity to the highly constrained nodes in the Internet of Things (IoTs). 6LoWPAN allows nodes with limited battery power and storage capacity to carry IPv6 datagrams over the lossy and error-prone radio links offered by the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, thus acting as an adoption layer between the IPv6 protocol and IEEE 802.15.4 network. The data link layer of IEEE 802.15.4 in 6LoWPAN is based on AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), but the 6LoWPAN standard lacks and has omitted the security and privacy requirements at higher layers. The sensor nodes in… More >

A. Prithiviraj^1,*, A. Maheswari², D. Balamurugan¹, Vinayakumar Ravi³, Moez Krichen^4,5, Roobaea Alroobaea⁶, Saeed Rubaiee⁷, Sankar Sennan¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 323-341, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.015299

Abstract Despite the seemingly exponential growth of mobile and wireless communication, this same technology aims to offer uninterrupted access to different wireless systems like Radio Communication, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi to achieve better network connection which in turn gives the best quality of service (QoS). Many analysts have established many handover decision systems (HDS) to enable assured continuous mobility between various radio access technologies. Unbroken mobility is one of the most significant problems considered in wireless communication networks. Each application needs a distinct QoS, so the network choice may shift appropriately. To achieve this objective and to choose the finest networks, it… More >

Adeel Rafiq, Muhammad Afaq, Khizar Abbas, Wang-Cheol Song^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 627-645, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016529

Abstract The installation of small cells in a 5G network extends the maximum coverage and provides high availability. However, this approach increases the handover overhead in the Core Network (CN) due to frequent handoffs. The variation of user density and movement inside a region of small cells also increases the handover overhead in CN. However, the present 5G system cannot reduce the handover overhead in CN under such circumstances because it relies on a traditionally rigid and complex hierarchical sequence for a handover procedure. Recently, Not Only Stack (NO Stack) architecture has been introduced for Radio Access Network (RAN) to reduce… More >

Jawad Tanveer¹, Amir Haider², Rashid Ali², Ajung Kim^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.3, pp. 3807-3823, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016087

Abstract Drone applications in 5th generation (5G) networks mainly focus on services and use cases such as providing connectivity during crowded events, human-instigated disasters, unmanned aerial vehicle traffic management, internet of things in the sky, and situation awareness. 4G and 5G cellular networks face various challenges to ensure dynamic control and safe mobility of the drone when it is tasked with delivering these services. The drone can fly in three-dimensional space. The drone connectivity can suffer from increased handover cost due to several reasons, including variations in the received signal strength indicator, co-channel interference offered to the drone by neighboring cells,… More >

Kanwal Imran^1,*, Nasreen Anjum³, Saeed Mahfooz¹, Muhammad Zubair², Zhahoui Yang³, Abdul Haseeb Malik¹, Qazi Ejaz Ali¹, Madeeha Aman¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 2329-2347, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.017177

Abstract IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) connects the highly constrained sensor nodes with the internet using the IPv6 protocol. 6LoWPAN has improved the scalability of the Internet of Things (IoTs) infrastructure and allows mobile nodes to send packets over the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless network. Several mobility managements schemes have been suggested for handling the registration and handover procedures in 6LoWPAN. However, these schemes have performance constraints, such as increased transmission cost, signalling overhead, registration, and handover latency. To address these issues, we propose a novel cluster-based group mobility scheme (CGM6) for 6LoWPAN. To reduce the signalling cost… More >

H. Anandakumar^a, K. Umamaheswari^b

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.24, No.4, pp. 843-849, 2018, DOI:10.1080/10798587.2017.1364931

Abstract Cognitive radio systems necessitate the incorporation of cooperative spectrum sensing among cognitive users to increase the reliability of detection. We have found that cooperative spectrum sensing is not only advantageous, but is also essential to avoid interference with any primary users. Interference by licensed users becomes a chief concern and issue, which affects primary as well as secondary users leading to restrictions in spectrum sensing in cognitive radios. When the number of cognitive users increases, the overheads of the systems, which are meant to report the sensing results to the common receiver, which becomes massive. When the spectrum, which is… More >

Xuting Duan^1,2,3, Jingyi Wei^1,2,3, Daxin Tian^1,2,3,*, Jianshan Zhou^1,2,3,4, Haiying Xia⁵, Xin Li⁶, Kunxian Zheng^1,2,3

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.3, pp. 1117-1128, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05578

Abstract In vehicle ad-hoc networks (VANETs), the proliferation of wireless communication will give rise to the heterogeneous access environment where network selection becomes significant. Motivated by the self-adaptive paradigm of cellular attractors, this paper regards an individual communication as a cell, so that we can apply the revised attractor selection model to induce each connected vehicle. Aiming at improving the Quality of Service (QoS), we presented the bio-inspired handover decision-making mechanism. In addition, we employ the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for any vehicle to choose an access network. This paper proposes a novel framework… More >