Yunpeng Wen^1,*, Bingyang Ke², Junrong Ding³

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.076587 - 26 January 2026

Abstract This study reports an active learning (AL)-guided strategy to optimize the sulfurization–selenization processing conditions of Sb₂(S,Se)₃ thin-film photovoltaic absorbers for enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE). By coupling Gaussian process modeling with iterative experimental feedback, we explored 20 targeted annealing conditions across the full compositional spectrum (x = 0–1) and identified an optimal S/(S + Se) ratio of 0.40 (x = 0.60), which yielded a band gap (Eg) of ~1.34 eV, close to the theoretical Shockley–Queisser optimum. The optimized process employed a controlled two-step 420°C anneal with sequential H₂Se→H₂S exposure, which produced large plate-like grains (300–500 nm)… More >

Chen-Xi Hu¹, Wu-Gui Jiang^1,*, Jin Wang¹, Tian-Yu He²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.1, pp. 1-21, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.068655 - 10 November 2025

Abstract THE mechanical response and deformation mechanisms of pure nickel under nanoindentation were systematically investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, with a particular focus on the novel interplay between crystallographic orientation, grain boundary (GB) proximity, and pore characteristics (size/location). This study compares single-crystal nickel models along [100], [110], and [111] orientations with equiaxed polycrystalline models containing 0, 1, and 2.5 nm pores in surface and subsurface configurations. Our results reveal that crystallographic anisotropy manifests as a 24.4% higher elastic modulus and 22.2% greater hardness in [111]-oriented single crystals compared to [100]. Pore-GB synergistic effects are found More >

Xuhui Lou¹, Xu Hou², Jie Wang³, Xiaobao Tian^1,*

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.34, No.1, pp. 1-1, 2025, DOI:10.32604/icces.2025.011045

Abstract Grain boundaries (GBs) are transitional, defective, and anisotropic interfaces between adjacent grains with different orientations. However, most models assume that the GB is an isotropic dielectric determined by itself and lacks formation information; these assumptions hinder the theoretical investigation of the effect GBs have on polycrystalline ferroelectrics at the mesoscopic scale. Here, a novel GB model based on the formation mechanism is established for ferroelectric polycrystals. It has been found that the Curie-Weiss temperature range, elastic coefficient, and permittivity of GBs are related to the orientation of adjacent grains and the polarization state. The shielding More >

Yan Zeng¹, Boyuan Guan¹, Zhenan Zhao², Weizhu Yang¹, Shouyi Sun¹, Lei Li^1,*

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.34, No.1, pp. 1-1, 2025, DOI:10.32604/icces.2025.010596

Abstract Ni-based single-crystal superalloys (SX) turbine blades of aeroengines are inevitably damaged during using. Therefore, it is of great significance for commercial aeroengines with high economic requirements to repair SX turbine blades reasonably and continue to realize their value by Laser-Directed energy deposition (L-DED). The repairing of SX must maintain the epitaxial growth of single-crystal, so the microstructure adjustment and the inhibition of stray grains are important for the preparation of L-DED SX.
In this work, the single channel monolayer and single channel five-layers SX have been prepared by L-DED. Based on the columnar transition to… More >

Shaoyan Wu^1,2, Jie Tian^1,2, Yiyan Wang^1,2, Muhammad Arif^1,2, Shuyao Wang^1,2, Jing Wang^1,2, Zhuoyao Yang^1,2, Ruhong Xu^1,2,*, Luhua Li^1,2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.12, pp. 3913-3924, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.072229 - 29 December 2025

Abstract Wheat grain morphology, particularly grain length (GL) and width (GW), is a key determinant of yield. To improve the suboptimal grain dimensions of the local anthocyanin-rich variety Guizi 1 (GZ1), we crossed it with Zhongyan 96-3 (ZY96-3), an elite germplasm known for faster grain filling and superior grain size. A genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach was applied to an F₂ population of 110 individuals derived from GZ1 × ZY96-3, resulting in the identification of 23,134 high-quality SNPs. Most of the SNPs associated with GL and GW were clustered on chromosomes 2B, 3A, and 3B. QTL mapping for GL… More >

Y. Arooj^a, A. Farhan^b, S. Maqsood^a,c, A. Erum^a, M. Ishaq^d, S. Rafique^a, A. Khalid^b, F. Wazahat^a, M. A. Qamar^e,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.8, pp. 707-717, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.228.707

Abstract Chemical co-precipitation synthesis was used to make pure and zirconium-doped cobalt sulfide (Co3S4) nanoparticles (NPs). Important characterizations such as FTIR, UV-VIS, Raman, PL, SEM, XRD, and four probe methods were used to examine the influence of the Zr (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) doping on optical, electrical, structural, and thermoelectric characteristics of Co₃S₄ NPs. X-ray diffraction and SEM examination verified the cubic structure and grain size of pure and Zr-doped Co₃S₄-NPs. The FTIR spectrum revealed the rotational and vibrational modes linked to the material's surface. The material is optimal for photocatalytic activity with a redshift More >

Xiaoai Yi, Jia Li^*, Qihong Fang^*

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 1-1, 2025, DOI:10.32604/icces.2025.010725

Abstract The complex concentration alloys are considered to have excellent mechanical properties due to the combined effects of heterogeneous composition and microstructure. However, it is difficult for existing simulation methods to capture the significant modulation of mechanical properties by the formation and motion of grain boundaries of complex concentration alloys at the microsecond and nanometer scales. To address this, we utilize the phase field crystal model that combines molecular dynamics and traditional phase field advantages to systematically study real-time grain boundary formation and motion in complex concentration alloys [1]. Meanwhile, we investigated the compositional fluctuations of More >

Ivica Delic¹, Goran Jukic², Ivan Varnica², Valentina Spanic^3,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.10, pp. 3189-3203, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.070489 - 29 October 2025

Abstract This study evaluated agro-morphological traits, grain quality traits, and phenotypic stability of nine soybean genotypes across four environments over two growing seasons (2022–2023). Traits such as days to flowering, days to maturity, and disease symptoms were monitored throughout the season. At maturity, parameters including grain yield, grain oil and protein content, 1000-seed weight, test weight, scores of lodgings, shattering, plant height, and first pod height were evaluated. In addition, 18 morphological traits were scored, of which eight were sufficiently variable for further analysis. In terms of environmental stability, genotypes 2 and 13 excelled, while genotypes… More >

Xiang Gao, Zhao Zhang^*

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 1-1, 2025, DOI:10.32604/icces.2025.011092

Abstract Microstructures is the key factor determining the properties of the additively manufactured components [1]. It can be highly affected by the temperatures generated during the additive manufacturing process. Phase field method, as established based on Ginzburg-Landau theory is an efficient tool to simulate the microstructural evolutions in additive manufacturing [2]. It can be used to simulate solidification, diffusion, phase transformation and grain growth [3]. Here we compared the new progress on the phase field method in the field of additive manufacturing. Due to the differences between the temperature field and the grain field, how to… More >

Jiexiong Xu^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.8, pp. 2365-2383, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.067124 - 29 August 2025

Abstract Background: Rice grain morphology—including traits such as awn length, hull color, size, and shape—is of central importance to yield, quality, and domestication, yet comprehensive quantification at scale has remained challenging. A promising solution has been provided by the integration of high-throughput imaging with genomic analysis. Methods: A standardized 2D image-processing pipeline was established to extract four categories of traits—awn length, hull color, projected grain area, and shape descriptors via PCA of normalized contours—from high-resolution photographs of 229 Oryza sativa japonica landraces. Genome-wide association analyses were then performed using a mixed linear model to control for population… More >