Huaihu Wang¹, Wen Chen², Jin Yang¹, Rui Su¹, Jiale Li³, Liao Yuan³, Zhaobin Du^3,*, Yujie Meng³

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.9, pp. 3867-3890, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.068062 - 26 August 2025

Abstract Traditional demand response (DR) programs for energy-intensive industries (EIIs) primarily rely on electricity price signals and often overlook carbon emission factors, limiting their effectiveness in supporting low-carbon transitions. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an electricity–carbon integrated DR strategy based on a bi-level collaborative optimization framework that coordinates the interaction between the grid and EIIs. At the upper level, the grid operator minimizes generation and curtailment costs by optimizing unit commitment while determining real-time electricity prices and dynamic carbon emission factors. At the lower level, EIIs respond to these dual signals by minimizing their… More >

Guo Zhao^1,2, Chi Zhang^1,2,*, Qiyuan Ren^1,2

Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.11, pp. 3355-3379, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.053130 - 21 October 2024

Abstract In the context of China’s “double carbon” goals and rural revitalization strategy, the energy transition promotes the large-scale integration of distributed renewable energy into rural power grids. Considering the operational characteristics of rural microgrids and their impact on users, this paper establishes a two-layer scheduling model incorporating flexible loads. The upper-layer aims to minimize the comprehensive operating cost of the rural microgrid, while the lower-layer aims to minimize the total electricity cost for rural users. An Improved Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (IAGA) is proposed to solve the model. Results show that the two-layer scheduling model with More >

Wentao Li¹, Jiantao Liu², Yudun Li³, Guoxin Ming¹, Kaifeng Zhang¹, Kun Yuan^1,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.9, pp. 2479-2503, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.050852 - 19 August 2024

Abstract With the large-scale development and utilization of renewable energy, industrial flexible loads, as a kind of load-side resource with strong regulation ability, provide new opportunities for the research on renewable energy consumption problem in power systems. This paper proposes a two-layer active power optimization model based on industrial flexible loads for power grid partitioning, aiming at improving the line over-limit problem caused by renewable energy consumption in power grids with high proportion of renewable energy, and achieving the safe, stable and economical operation of power grids. Firstly, according to the evaluation index of renewable energy… More >