Kemahyanto Exaudi^1,2, Deris Stiawan^3,*, Bhakti Yudho Suprapto¹, Hanif Fakhrurroja⁴, Mohd. Yazid Idris⁵, Tami A. Alghamdi⁶, Rahmat Budiarto⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.1, pp. 1-24, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.069377 - 10 November 2025

Abstract Sudden wildfires cause significant global ecological damage. While satellite imagery has advanced early fire detection and mitigation, image-based systems face limitations including high false alarm rates, visual obstructions, and substantial computational demands, especially in complex forest terrains. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel forest fire detection model utilizing audio classification and machine learning. We developed an audio-based pipeline using real-world environmental sound recordings. Sounds were converted into Mel-spectrograms and classified via a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), enabling the capture of distinctive fire acoustic signatures (e.g., crackling, roaring) that are minimally impacted by… More >

Shengzhong Zhao¹, Daiyan Chen¹, Han Zhang^1,2,*, Junhao Yu¹, Lin Xu¹, Zhaoyi Zhuang¹, Fei Wang^1,*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.6, pp. 1907-1932, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.071910 - 31 December 2025

Abstract A sealed portal could significantly alter the flame shape and smoke flow characteristics in inclined tunnel fires. In inclined tunnels, two typical sealing conditions could be defined, namely the upper portal sealed and the lower portal sealed. In this study, the effects of tunnel slope on flame shape, flame length, along with smoke mass flow rate and induced velocity at the tunnel portal, are numerically investigated. The results show that, in all scenarios, flames initially rise vertically but tilt toward the sealed portal during the quasi-steady stage, with the largest tilt angle observed in tunnels… More >

Hongrong Wang^1,2, Hang Geng^1,*, Jing Yuan¹, Wen Zhang², Hanmin Sheng¹, Qiuhua Wang³, Xinjian Li^4,5

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.145, No.3, pp. 3701-3721, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.073513 - 23 December 2025

Abstract Machine learning has emerged as a key approach in wildfire risk prediction research. However, in practical applications, the scarcity of data for specific regions often hinders model performance, with models trained on region-specific data struggling to generalize due to differences in data distributions. While traditional methods based on expert knowledge tend to generalize better across regions, they are limited in leveraging multi-source data effectively, resulting in suboptimal predictive accuracy. This paper addresses this challenge by exploring how accumulated domain expertise in wildfire prediction can reduce model reliance on large volumes of high-quality data. An active More >

Ilze Irbe^1,*, Laura Andze¹, Inese Filipova^1,2

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.11, pp. 2139-2154, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0107 - 24 November 2025

Abstract Growing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable alternatives to synthetic materials have led to increased interest in bio-based composites. This study investigates the development and characterization of sustainable egg packaging waste (EPW) biocomposites derived from recycled wood fibers and fungal mycelium filaments as a natural binder. Three formulations were prepared using EPW as the primary substrate, with and without the addition of hemp shives and sawdust as co-substrates. The composites were evaluated for granulometry, density, mechanical strength, hygroscopic behavior, thermal conductivity, and fire performance using cone calorimetry. Biocomposites, composed exclusively of egg packaging waste,… More >

Fahd N. Al-Wesabi^1,*, Hamad Almansour², Huda G. Iskandar^3,4, Ishfaq Yaseen⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.3, pp. 5765-5787, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.067571 - 23 October 2025

Abstract Earlier notification and fire detection methods provide safety information and fire prevention to blind and visually impaired (BVI) individuals in a limited timeframe in the event of emergencies, particularly in enclosed areas. Fire detection becomes crucial as it directly impacts human safety and the environment. While modern technology requires precise techniques for early detection to prevent damage and loss, few research has focused on artificial intelligence (AI)-based early fire alert systems for BVI individuals in indoor settings. To prevent such fire incidents, it is crucial to identify fires accurately and promptly, and alert BVI personnel… More >

Beth Steinberg^1,*, Yulia Mulugeta¹, Catherine Quatman-Yates², Maeghan Williams², Anvitha Gogineni¹, Maryanna Klatt¹

International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, Vol.27, No.9, pp. 1237-1264, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ijmhp.2025.067232 - 30 September 2025

Abstract Background: Community-based first responders face high levels of workplace stressors that can profoundly impact their physical and mental health. Mindfulness-based interventions have shown promise in decreasing stress and increasing psychological resilience; however, implementation is difficult due to unpredictability of the job, department culture, and generational preferences. The objective of this qualitative study was to identify and enhance understanding of the specific needs and potential barriers and facilitators for the implementation of mindfulness-based programming for community-based first responders. Methods: A phenomenological qualitative study design was used to gain insights into the lived experiences of first responders… More >

Mohamed Gamal^1,#, Hamdy Ashour^1,#, Omar Huzayyin², Maran Marimuthu³, Ghulam E Mustafa Abro^4,*, Lina Mohamed¹

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.8, pp. 2027-2046, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2025.067678 - 12 September 2025

Abstract Atrium spaces, common in modern construction, provide significant fire safety challenges due to their large vertical openings, which facilitate rapid smoke spread and reduce sprinkler effectiveness. Traditional smoke management systems primarily rely on make-up air to replace the air expelled through vents. Inadequate calibration, particularly with air velocity, can worsen fire conditions by enhancing oxygen supply, increasing soot production, and reducing visibility, so endangering safe evacuation. This study investigates the impact of make-up air velocity on smoke behaviour in atrium environments through 24 simulations performed using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Scenarios include various fire… More >

Wenqin Chen¹, Yuting Wen², Chen Hong³, Nan Ma⁴, Wenting Yi⁵, Guiliang Peng⁶, Yanyan Hu^7,*, Yang He^3,*

Journal of Psychology in Africa, Vol.35, No.3, pp. 419-427, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jpa.2025.068039 - 31 July 2025

Abstract This study tested a chain mediation model on whether hopelessness and nostalgia play a mediating role in psychache and suicidal ideation of firefighters. A total of 652 firefighters participated in the survey (male = 94.94%; mean age = 23.71 years, SD = 4.18 years). The firefighters completed the Chinese Revised Psychache Scale (PAS), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Southampton Nostalgia Scale (SNS), and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). The path analysis results indicated that psychache positively predicted suicidal ideation. Hopelessness plays a significant mediating role between psychache and suicidal ideation further strengthening this relationship. In contrast, More >

Ciro Caliendo, Isidoro Russo^*, Gianluca Genovese

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.144, No.1, pp. 693-715, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.068123 - 31 July 2025

Abstract Road pavements in tunnels are usually made of asphalt mixtures, which, unfortunately, are flammable materials. Hence, this type of pavement could release heat, and more specifically smoke, in the event of a tunnel fire, thereby worsening the environmental conditions for human health. Extensive research has been conducted in recent years to enhance the fire reaction of traditional asphalt mixtures for the road pavements used in tunnels. The addition of the Flame Retardants (FRs) in conventional asphalt mixtures appears to be promising. Nevertheless, the potential effects of the FRs in terms of the reduction in consequences… More > Graphic Abstract

Christine Dewi^1,2, Melati Viaeritas Vitrieco Santoso¹, Hanna Prillysca Chernovita³, Evangs Mailoa¹, Stephen Abednego Philemon¹, Abbott Po Shun Chen^4,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.3, pp. 5361-5379, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.067381 - 30 July 2025

Abstract Early detection of Forest and Land Fires (FLF) is essential to prevent the rapid spread of fire as well as minimize environmental damage. However, accurate detection under real-world conditions, such as low light, haze, and complex backgrounds, remains a challenge for computer vision systems. This study evaluates the impact of three image enhancement techniques—Histogram Equalization (HE), Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), and a hybrid method called DBST-LCM CLAHE—on the performance of the YOLOv11 object detection model in identifying fires and smoke. The D-Fire dataset, consisting of 21,527 annotated images captured under diverse environmental scenarios… More >