Jihoon Moon^*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.146, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.071052 - 29 January 2026

Abstract Predicting the behavior of renewable energy systems requires models capable of generating accurate forecasts from limited historical data, a challenge that becomes especially pronounced when commissioning new facilities where operational records are scarce. This review aims to synthesize recent progress in data-efficient deep learning approaches for addressing such “cold-start” forecasting problems. It primarily covers three interrelated domains—solar photovoltaic (PV), wind power, and electrical load forecasting—where data scarcity and operational variability are most critical, while also including representative studies on hydropower and carbon emission prediction to provide a broader systems perspective. To this end, we examined… More >

Youlong Lyu^1,2,*, Ying Chu³, Qingpeng Qiu³, Jie Zhang^1,2, Jutao Guo⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.2, pp. 3393-3418, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.068157 - 23 September 2025

Abstract In intelligent manufacturing processes such as aerospace production, computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools require real-time optimization of process parameters to meet precision machining demands. These dynamic operating conditions increase the risk of fatigue damage in CNC machine tool bearings, highlighting the urgent demand for rapid and accurate fault diagnosis methods that can maintain production efficiency and extend equipment uptime. However, varying conditions induce feature distribution shifts, and scarce fault samples limit model generalization. Therefore, this paper proposes a causal-Transformer-based meta-learning (CTML) method for bearing fault diagnosis in CNC machine tools, comprising three core modules:… More >

Peng Sun^1,2, Dechen Yao^1,2,*, Jianwei Yang^1,2, Quanyu Long^1,2

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.19, No.5, pp. 1221-1239, 2025, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2025.066098 - 05 September 2025

Abstract Supervised learning-based rail fastener anomaly detection models are limited by the scarcity of anomaly samples and perform poorly under data imbalance conditions. However, unsupervised anomaly detection methods based on diffusion models reduce the dependence on the number of anomalous samples but suffer from too many iterations and excessive smoothing of reconstructed images. In this work, we have established a rail fastener anomaly detection framework called Diff-Fastener, the diffusion model is introduced into the fastener detection task, half of the normal samples are converted into anomaly samples online in the model training stage, and One-Step denoising… More >

Ricardo Dintén^*, Marta Zorrilla

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.144, No.1, pp. 239-265, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.065461 - 31 July 2025

Abstract Predictive maintenance often involves imbalanced multivariate time series datasets with scarce failure events, posing challenges for model training due to the high dimensionality of the data and the need for domain-specific preprocessing, which frequently leads to the development of large and complex models. Inspired by the success of Large Language Models (LLMs), transformer-based foundation models have been developed for time series (TSFM). These models have been proven to reconstruct time series in a zero-shot manner, being able to capture different patterns that effectively characterize time series. This paper proposes the use of TSFM to generate… More >

Yu-Shiuan Tsai^*, Zhen-Rong Wu, Jian-Zhi Liu

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 3431-3457, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.066509 - 03 July 2025

Abstract Few-shot learning has emerged as a crucial technique for coral species classification, addressing the challenge of limited labeled data in underwater environments. This study introduces an optimized few-shot learning model that enhances classification accuracy while minimizing reliance on extensive data collection. The proposed model integrates a hybrid similarity measure combining Euclidean distance and cosine similarity, effectively capturing both feature magnitude and directional relationships. This approach achieves a notable accuracy of 71.8% under a 5-way 5-shot evaluation, outperforming state-of-the-art models such as Prototypical Networks, FEAT, and ESPT by up to 10%. Notably, the model demonstrates high… More >

Duc Cuong Pham¹, Tien Duc Ngo², Hoai Nam Vu^1,3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 2959-2974, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.064672 - 03 July 2025

Abstract Air quality estimation assesses the pollution level in the air, supports public health warnings, and is a valuable tool in environmental management. Although air sensors have proven helpful in this task, sensors are often expensive and difficult to install, while cameras are becoming more popular and accessible, from which images can be collected as data for deep learning models to solve the above task. This leads to another problem: several labeled images are needed to achieve high accuracy when deep-learning models predict air quality. In this research, we have three main contributions: (1) Collect and… More >

Gang Li^1,#, Zheng Zhou^1,#, Yang Zhang^2,*, Chuanyun Xu², Zihan Ruan¹, Pengfei Lv¹, Ru Wang¹, Xinyu Fan¹, Wei Tan¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.1, pp. 1615-1632, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063109 - 09 June 2025

Abstract Although conventional object detection methods achieve high accuracy through extensively annotated datasets, acquiring such large-scale labeled data remains challenging and cost-prohibitive in numerous real-world applications. Few-shot object detection presents a new research idea that aims to localize and classify objects in images using only limited annotated examples. However, the inherent challenge in few-shot object detection lies in the insufficient sample diversity to fully characterize the sample feature distribution, which consequently impacts model performance. Inspired by contrastive learning principles, we propose an Implicit Feature Contrastive Learning (IFCL) module to address this limitation and augment feature diversity More >

David He^1,*, Miao He², Jay Yoon³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.2, pp. 1955-1969, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.063975 - 30 May 2025

Abstract Full ceramic bearings are mission-critical components in oil-free environments, such as food processing, semiconductor manufacturing, and medical applications. Developing effective fault diagnosis methods for these bearings is essential to ensuring operational reliability and preventing costly failures. Traditional supervised deep learning approaches have demonstrated promise in fault detection, but their dependence on large labeled datasets poses significant challenges in industrial settings where fault-labeled data is scarce. This paper introduces a few-shot learning approach for full ceramic bearing fault diagnosis by leveraging the pre-trained GPT-2 model. Large language models (LLMs) like GPT-2, pre-trained on diverse textual data,… More >

Yiming Tang^*, Yanqiu Chen

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.2, pp. 1707-1726, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.062412 - 16 April 2025

Abstract Semantic segmentation of novel object categories with limited labeled data remains a challenging problem in computer vision. Few-shot segmentation methods aim to address this problem by recognizing objects from specific target classes with a few provided examples. Previous approaches for few-shot semantic segmentation typically represent target classes using class prototypes. These prototypes are matched with the features of the query set to get segmentation results. However, class prototypes are usually obtained by applying global average pooling on masked support images. Global pooling discards much structural information, which may reduce the accuracy of model predictions. To… More >

Xuejing Li^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.2, pp. 1667-1681, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.062161 - 16 April 2025

Abstract Few-shot point cloud 3D object detection (FS3D) aims to identify and locate objects of novel classes within point clouds using knowledge acquired from annotated base classes and a minimal number of samples from the novel classes. Due to imbalanced training data, existing FS3D methods based on fully supervised learning can lead to overfitting toward base classes, which impairs the network’s ability to generalize knowledge learned from base classes to novel classes and also prevents the network from extracting distinctive foreground and background representations for novel class objects. To address these issues, this thesis proposes a… More >