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  • Open Access

    PROCEEDINGS

    Research on the Synergistic Mechanism of Photothermal-Chemotherapy-Immunotherapy of Multi-Functional Nanoparticles Against Gastric Cancer

    Erdong Shen1, Ting Pan1, Pan Guo1, Ke Chen1, Rui Xu1, Mei Yang1, Dahe Zhan1, Fang Fang1, Qinghui Wu1,*, Jianbing Hu1,*

    The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.30, No.4, pp. 1-3, 2024, DOI:10.32604/icces.2024.012772

    Abstract Objective
    This study investigates the synergistic effects of a novel multifunctional nanoparticle on gastric cancer treatment through photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.

    Method
    Synthesize hollow mesoporous Prussian blue nanoparticles and load them with luteolin. Use exosomes to encapsulate the nanoparticles and modify the surface of the targeted peptide GX1. Detect the morphology of nanoparticles using a nanoparticle size analyzer and transmission electron microscopy. Use Coomassie Brilliant Blue to detect the effect of extracellular vesicle encapsulation. Detect the thermal conversion efficiency of nanoparticles under specific laser irradiation through infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy, as well as the release rate… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Neural stem cell-derived exosomes: a cell-free transplant for potential cure of neurological diseases

    JIAJUN HUANG1,#, WEI WANG1,#, WENTONG LIN2, HENGSEN CAI3, ZHIHAN ZHU1, WAQAS AHMED4, QIANKUN ZHANG1, JIALE LIU1, YIFAN ZHANG1, RONG LI1, ZHINUO LI1, AHSAN ALI KHAN5, DENG LU3, YONG HU6, LUKUI CHEN1,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.10, pp. 1405-1418, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2024.053148 - 02 October 2024

    Abstract Degeneration and death of nerve cells are inevitable with the occurrence and progression of nervous system disorders. Researchers transplanted neural stem cells into relevant areas, trying to solve the difficulty of neural cell loss by differentiating neural stem cells into various nerve cells. In recent years, however, studies have shown that transplanted neural stem cells help neural tissues regenerate and return to normal through paracrine action rather than just replacing cells. Exosomes are essential paracrine mediators, which can participate in cell communication through substance transmission. In this regard, this review mainly discusses the current research More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Research progress on the role of adipocyte exosomes in cancer progression

    YUN WANG1, XIAOJIANG LI2, DALONG LIU2, ZHIFENG WANG3, JICHEN XIA4, LIJUN WANG5, XUDONG ZHANG6,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.10, pp. 1649-1660, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.043482 - 18 September 2024

    Abstract Exosomes, minute vesicles ubiquitously released by diverse cell types, serve as critical mediators in intercellular communication. Their pathophysiological relevance, especially in malignancies, has garnered significant attention. A meticulous exploration of the exosomal impact on cancer development has unveiled avenues for innovative and clinically valuable techniques. The cargo conveyed by exosomes exerts transformative effects on both local and distant microenvironments, thereby influencing a broad spectrum of biological responses in recipient cells. These membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in delivering bioactive molecules among cells and organs. Cellular and biological processes in recipient cells, ranging… More > Graphic Abstract

    Research progress on the role of adipocyte exosomes in cancer progression

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    New insight into the role of exosomes in idiopathic membrane nephropathy

    JIANHONG LIU1,#, KAI HE2,#, HAN WANG3,#, XIAOHONG CHENG1,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.1, pp. 21-32, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.045631 - 30 January 2024

    Abstract Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from the invagination of the endosomal membrane, are secreted by a majority of cell types. As carriers of DNA, mRNA, proteins, and microRNAs, exosomes are implicated in regulating biological activities under physiological and pathological conditions. Kidney-derived exosomes, which vary in origin and function, may either contribute to the pathogenesis of disease or represent a potential therapeutic resource. Membranous nephropathy (MN), an autoimmune kidney disease characterized by glomerular damage, is a predominant cause of nephrotic syndrome. Notably, MN, especially idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), often results in end-stage renal disease (ESRD),… More > Graphic Abstract

    New insight into the role of exosomes in idiopathic membrane nephropathy

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Application of exosomal miRNA mediated macrophage polarization in colorectal cancer: Current progress and challenges

    YUN ZHANG1,2,#, SHALING TANG1,2,#, YUBO GAO1,2, ZHONGTING LU1,2, YUAN YANG1,2, JING CHEN3, TAO LI4,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 61-71, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.043481 - 15 November 2023

    Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates. Surgical resection is the main treatment for early-stage CRC, but detecting it early is challenging. Therefore, effective therapeutic targets for advanced patients are still lacking. Exosomes, tiny vesicles in body fluids, play a crucial role in tumor metastasis, immune regulation, and drug resistance. Interestingly, they can even serve as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Studies have shown that exosomes can carry miRNA, mediate the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages, promote the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, and affect More > Graphic Abstract

    Application of exosomal miRNA mediated macrophage polarization in colorectal cancer: Current progress and challenges

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Biological, pathological, and multifaceted therapeutic functions of exosomes to target cancer

    VIGNESH BALAJI E1, DIVYA RAMESH2, MANISHA CHUNGAN SHAJU3, AKSHARA KUMAR4, SAMYAK PANDEY1, RAKSHA NAYAK1, V. ALKA5, SRISHTI MUNJAL6, AMIR SALIMI7, K. SREEDHARA RANGANATH PAI1,*, SHANKAR M. BAKKANNAVAR2

    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 73-94, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.030401 - 15 November 2023

    Abstract Exosomes, small tiny vesicle contains a large number of intracellular particles that employ to cause various diseases and prevent several pathological events as well in the human body. It is considered a “double-edged sword”, and depending on its biological source, the action of exosomes varies under physiological conditions. Also, the isolation and characterization of the exosomes should be performed accurately and the methodology also will vary depending on the exosome source. Moreover, the uptake of exosomes from the recipients’ cells is a vital and initial step for all the physiological actions. There are different mechanisms More > Graphic Abstract

    Biological, pathological, and multifaceted therapeutic functions of exosomes to target cancer

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Exosomes in viral infection: Effects for pathogenesis and treatment strategies

    FATEMEH HEIDARI1,2, REIHANEH SEYEDEBRAHIMI1,2, PIAO YANG3, MOHSEN ESLAMI FARSANI1,2, SHIMA ABABZADEH2,4, NASER KALHOR5, HAMED MANOOCHEHRI6, MOHSEN SHEYKHHASAN7,*, MARYAM AZIMZADEH8,9,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.12, pp. 2597-2608, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.043351 - 27 December 2023

    Abstract Exosomes are small vesicles that carry molecules from one cell to another. They have many features that make them interesting for research, such as their stability, low immunogenicity, size of the nanoscale, toxicity, and selective delivery. Exosomes can also interact with viruses in diverse ways. Emerging research highlights the significant role of exosomes in viral infections, particularly in the context of diseases like COVID-19, HIV, HBV and HCV. Understanding the intricate interplay between exosomes and the human immune system holds great promise for the development of effective antiviral therapies. An important aspect is gaining clarity More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Inhibition of VEGF-A expression in hypoxia-exposed fetal retinal microvascular endothelial cells by exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

    JING LI1,2, WANWAN FAN4, LILI HAO1, YONGSHENG LI5, GUOCHENG YU1, WEI SUN6, XIANQIONG LUO2,*, JINGXIANG ZHONG1,3,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.11, pp. 2485-2494, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.044177 - 27 November 2023

    Abstract Objective: This study aimed to investigate the potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hucMSC)-derived exosomes (hucMSC-Exos) in inhibiting hypoxia-induced cell hyper proliferation and overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in immature human fetal retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hfRMECs). Methods: Exosomes were isolated from hucMSCs using cryogenic ultracentrifugation and characterized through various techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, bicinchoninic acid assays, and western blotting. The hfRMECs were identified using von Willebrand factor (vWF) co-staining and divided into four groups: a control group cultured under normoxic condition, a hypoxic model group, a hypoxic… More > Graphic Abstract

    Inhibition of VEGF-A expression in hypoxia-exposed fetal retinal microvascular endothelial cells by exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Exploring exosomes to provide evidence for the treatment and prediction of Alzheimer’s disease

    XIANGYU QUAN1, XUETING MA1, GUODONG LI2, XUEQI FU1, JIANGTAO LI1, LINLIN ZENG1,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.10, pp. 2163-2176, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.031226 - 08 November 2023

    Abstract Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a 30–150 nm diameter originating from endosomes. In recent years, scientists have regarded exosomes as an ideal small molecule carrier for the targeted treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) across the blood-brain barrier due to their nanoscale size and low immunogenicity. A large amount of evidence shows that exosomes are rich in biomarkers, and it has been found that the changes in biomarker content in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine are often associated with the onset of AD patients. In this paper, some recent advances in the use of exosomes in More > Graphic Abstract

    Exploring exosomes to provide evidence for the treatment and prediction of Alzheimer’s disease

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    The role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in tumor progression

    CARL RANDALL HARREL1, VALENTIN DJONOV2, ANA VOLAREVIC3, DRAGICA PAVLOVIC4, VLADISLAV VOLAREVIC4,5,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.8, pp. 1757-1769, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.028567 - 28 August 2023

    Abstract Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exos) are nano-sized extracellular vesicles enriched with bioactive molecules, such as microRNAs, enzymes, cytokines, chemokines, immunomodulatory, trophic, and growth factors. These molecules regulate the survival, phenotype, and function of malignant and tumor-infiltrated immune cells. Due to their nano-size and bilayer lipid envelope, MSC-Exos can easily bypass biological barriers and may serve as drug carriers to deliver chemotherapeutics directly into the tumor cells. Here, we summarize current knowledge regarding molecular mechanisms responsible for MSC-Exos-dependent modulation of tumor progression and discuss insights regarding the therapeutic potential of MSC-Exos in the treatment More > Graphic Abstract

    The role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in tumor progression

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