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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Energy-Efficient Routing Algorithm Based on Multipath Routing in Large-Scale Networks

    Haijun Geng1, Qidong Zhang1, Jiangyuan Yao2,*, Wei Wang1, Zikun Jin1, Han Zhang3, Yangyang Zhang4

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 2029-2039, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016368

    Abstract A reduction in network energy consumption and the establishment of green networks have become key scientific problems in academic and industrial research. Existing energy efficiency schemes are based on a known traffic matrix, and acquiring a real-time traffic matrix in current complex networks is difficult. Therefore, this research investigates how to reduce network energy consumption without a real-time traffic matrix. In particular, this paper proposes an intra-domain energy-efficient routing scheme based on multipath routing. It analyzes the relationship between routing availability and energy-efficient routing and integrates the two mechanisms to satisfy the requirements of availability and energy efficiency. The main… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Energy-Efficient Transmission Range Optimization Model for WSN-Based Internet of Things

    Md. Jalil Piran1, Sandeep Verma2, Varun G. Menon3, Doug Young Suh4,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2989-3007, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015426

    Abstract With the explosive advancements in wireless communications and digital electronics, some tiny devices, sensors, became a part of our daily life in numerous fields. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is composed of tiny sensor devices. WSNs have emerged as a key technology enabling the realization of the Internet of Things (IoT). In particular, the sensor-based revolution of WSN-based IoT has led to considerable technological growth in nearly all circles of our life such as smart cities, smart homes, smart healthcare, security applications, environmental monitoring, etc. However, the limitations of energy, communication range, and computational resources are bottlenecks to the widespread applications… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    An Energy-Efficient Mobile-Sink Path-Finding Strategy for UAV WSNs

    Lyk Yin Tan*, Hock Guan Goh, Soung-Yue Liew, Shen Khang Teoh

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3419-3432, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015402

    Abstract Data collection using a mobile sink in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has received much attention in recent years owing to its potential to reduce the energy consumption of sensor nodes and thus enhancing the lifetime of the WSN. However, a critical issue of this approach is the latency of data to reach the base station. Although many data collection algorithms have been introduced in the literature to reduce delays in data delivery, their performances are affected by the flight trajectory taken by the mobile sink, which might not be optimized yet. This paper proposes a new path-finding strategy, called… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Energy-Efficient Low-Complexity Algorithm in 5G Massive MIMO Systems

    Adeeb Salh1, Lukman Audah1,*, Qazwan Abdullah1, Nor Shahida M. Shah2, Shipun A. Hamzah1, Shahilah Nordin3, Nabil Farah2

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3189-3214, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014746

    Abstract Energy efficiency (EE) is a critical design when taking into account circuit power consumption (CPC) in fifth-generation cellular networks. These problems arise because of the increasing number of antennas in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, attributable to inter-cell interference for channel state information. Apart from that, a higher number of radio frequency (RF) chains at the base station and active users consume more power due to the processing activities in digital-to-analogue converters and power amplifiers. Therefore, antenna selection, user selection, optimal transmission power, and pilot reuse power are important aspects in improving energy efficiency in massive MIMO systems. This work… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Energy-Efficient and Blockchain-Enabled Model for Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Cities

    Norah Saleh Alghamdi1,*, Mohammad Ayoub Khan2

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2509-2524, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014180

    Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and Internet of Things (IoT) have gained more popularity in recent years as an underlying infrastructure for connected devices and sensors in smart cities. The data generated from these sensors are used by smart cities to strengthen their infrastructure, utilities, and public services. WSNs are suitable for long periods of data acquisition in smart cities. To make the networks of smart cities more reliable for sensitive information, the blockchain mechanism has been proposed. The key issues and challenges of WSNs in smart cities is efficiently scheduling the resources; leading to extending the network lifetime of sensors.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    OTS Scheme Based Secure Architecture for Energy-Efficient IoT in Edge Infrastructure

    Sushil Kumar Singh1, Yi Pan2, Jong Hyuk Park1,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2905-2922, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014151

    Abstract For the past few decades, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been one of the main pillars wielding significant impact on various advanced industrial applications, including smart energy, smart manufacturing, and others. These applications are related to industrial plants, automation, and e-healthcare fields. IoT applications have several issues related to developing, planning, and managing the system. Therefore, IoT is transforming into G-IoT (Green Internet of Things), which realizes energy efficiency. It provides high power efficiency, enhances communication and networking. Nonetheless, this paradigm did not resolve all smart applications’ challenges in edge infrastructure, such as communication bandwidth, centralization, security, and privacy.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Emergency Prioritized and Congestion Handling Protocol for Medical Internet of Things

    Sabeen Tahir*, Sheikh Tahir Bakhsh, Rayed AlGhamdi

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 733-749, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.013261

    Abstract Medical Internet of Things (MIoTs) is a collection of small and energyefficient wireless sensor devices that monitor the patient’s body. The healthcare networks transmit continuous data monitoring for the patients to survive them independently. There are many improvements in MIoTs, but still, there are critical issues that might affect the Quality of Service (QoS) of a network. Congestion handling is one of the critical factors that directly affect the QoS of the network. The congestion in MIoT can cause more energy consumption, delay, and important data loss. If a patient has an emergency, then the life-critical signals must transmit with… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    QoS-Aware Energy-Efficient Task Scheduling on HPC Cloud Infrastructures Using Swarm-Intelligence Meta-Heuristics

    Amit Chhabra1, *, Gurvinder Singh2, Karanjeet Singh Kahlon2

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.2, pp. 813-834, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.010934

    Abstract Cloud computing infrastructure has been evolving as a cost-effective platform for providing computational resources in the form of high-performance computing as a service (HPCaaS) to users for executing HPC applications. However, the broader use of the Cloud services, the rapid increase in the size, and the capacity of Cloud data centers bring a remarkable rise in energy consumption leading to a significant rise in the system provider expenses and carbon emissions in the environment. Besides this, users have become more demanding in terms of Quality-of-service (QoS) expectations in terms of execution time, budget cost, utilization, and makespan. This situation calls… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    CPAC: Energy-Efficient Algorithm for IoT Sensor Networks Based on Enhanced Hybrid Intelligent Swarm

    Qi Wang1,*, Wei Liu1, Hualong Yu1, Shang Zheng1, Shang Gao1, Fabrizio Granelli2

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.121, No.1, pp. 83-103, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2019.06897

    Abstract The wireless sensor network (WSN) is widely employed in the application scenarios of the Internet of Things (IoT) in recent years. Extending the lifetime of the entire system had become a significant challenge due to the energy-constrained fundamental limits of sensor nodes on the perceptual layer of IoT. The clustering routing structures are currently the most popular solution, which can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the entire network and improve its reliability. This paper introduces an enhanced hybrid intelligential algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and ant colony optimization (ACO) method. The enhanced PSO is deployed to select… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    An Energy-Efficient Protocol Using an Objective Function & Random Search with Jumps for WSN

    Mohammed Kaddi1,3,*, Khelifa Benahmed2, Mohammed Omari3

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.58, No.3, pp. 603-624, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05341

    Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have hardware and software limitations and are deployed in hostile environments. The problem of energy consumption in WSNs has become a very important axis of research. To obtain good performance in terms of the network lifetime, several routing protocols have been proposed in the literature. Hierarchical routing is considered to be the most favorable approach in terms of energy efficiency. It is based on the concept parent-child hierarchy where the child nodes forward their messages to their parent, and then the parent node forwards them, directly or via other parent nodes, to the base station (sink).… More >

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