Ghassan Mousa¹, Ayman A. Aly², Imran Khan³, Dag Øivind Madsen^4,*

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.2, pp. 1963-1978, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.033627

Abstract The economics, infrastructure, transportation, and level of living of a country are all influenced by energy. The gap between energy usage and availability is a global issue. Currently, all countries rely on fossil fuels for energy generation, and these fossil fuels are not sustainable. The hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) power system is both clean and efficient. The fuel delivery system and the PEMFC make up the majority of the PEMFC power system. The lack of an efficient, safe, and cost-effective hydrogen storage system is still a major barrier to its widespread use. Solid hydrogen storage has the… More >

Changzhong Fu, Jiayu Lu^*, Wenqing Ge, Cao Tan, Bo Li

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.135, No.3, pp. 1779-1824, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.023092

Abstract The active suspension has undoubtedly improved the performance of the vehicle, however, the trend of “lowcarbonization, intelligence, and informationization” in the automotive industry has put forward higher and more urgent requirements for the suspension system. The automotive industry and researchers favor active energy regeneration suspension technology with safety, comfort, and high energy regenerative efficiency. In this paper, we review the research progress of the structure form, optimization method, and control strategy of electromagnetic energy regenerative suspension. Specifically, comparing the pros and cons of the existing technology in solving the contradiction between dynamic performance and energy regeneration. In addition, the development… More > Graphic Abstract

Raed Alhamad^1,*, Hatem Boujemaa²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.1, pp. 2149-2159, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.033222

Abstract In this paper, the throughput and delay of cooperative communications are derived when solar energy is used and relay node is selected using a timer. The source and relays harvest energy from sun using a photo voltaic system. The harvested power is used by the source to transmit data to the relays. Then, a selected relay amplifies the signal to the destination. Opportunistic, partial and reactive relay selection are used. The relay transmits when its timer elapses. The timer is set to a value proportional to the inverse of its Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). Therefore, the relay with largest… More >

S. Nithya Roopa¹, P. Anandababu^2,*, Sibi Amaran³, Rajesh Verma⁴

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.1, pp. 497-512, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.029133

Abstract Recently, energy harvesting wireless sensor networks (EHWSN) have increased significant attention among research communities. By harvesting energy from the neighboring environment, the sensors in EHWSN resolve the energy constraint problem and offers lengthened network lifetime. Clustering is one of the proficient ways for accomplishing even improved lifetime in EHWSN. The clustering process intends to appropriately elect the cluster heads (CHs) and construct clusters. Though several models are available in the literature, it is still needed to accomplish energy efficiency and security in EHWSN. In this view, this study develops a novel Chaotic Rider Optimization Based Clustering Protocol for Secure Energy… More >

Raed Alhamad^1,*, Hatem Boujemaa²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5233-5244, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030793

Abstract In this article, we optimize the powers associated to Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) users, sensing and harvesting duration for Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN). The secondary source harvests energy from node A signal. Then, it senses the channel to detect primary source. Then, the secondary source transmits a signal that is reflected by Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) so that all reflections have a zero phase at any user. A set Ii of reflectors are associated to user Ui. The use of M = Mi = 512, 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8 reflectors per user offers 45, 42, 39, 36, 33, 30, 27 dB gain… More >

R. S. Jothilakshmi^*, S. Chitra Selvi

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.34, No.2, pp. 865-876, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.025643

Abstract The hybrid renewable energy harvesting and grid integration system has been proposed and validated in this work. The proposed system uses a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) and a Solar Photo Voltaic Energy Conversion System (SPVECS). The WECS uses Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) driven by a wind turbine. The variable frequency and variable voltage output of PMSG is rectified by Diode Bridge Rectifier (DBR) and stepped up by Super Lift Luo Converter (SLLC 1), and finally, the harvested wind energy is delivered to the Direct Current (DC) link of a Distributed Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM). Further, SPV energy is… More >

Subaselvi Sundarraj^*, Gunaseelan Konganathan

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.34, No.2, pp. 1197-1213, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.025026

Abstract Software Defined Wireless Sensor Networks (SDWSN) provides a centralized scheduling algorithm to decrease energy consumption compared to WSN. The sensor nodes have a finite battery capacity in the SDWSN that reduces the lifetime of the nodes. To harvest energy for energy depleted nodes without interfering with the eventful data transfer in the clustered SDWSN, an energy efficient mobile harvesting scheme with the Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) beamforming technique is proposed. The mobile harvesting scheme transfer the energy to the energy starving node and the beamforming algorithm which transmits the energy in the desired direction increases the lifetime of the… More >

Raed Alhamad^*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.43, No.2, pp. 751-765, 2022, DOI:10.32604/csse.2022.021932

Abstract In this article, we optimize harvesting and sensing duration for Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN) using Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS). The secondary source harvests energy using the received signal from node A. Then, it performs spectrum sensing to detect Primary Source P_S activity. When P_S activity is not detected, The Secondary Source S_S transmits data to Secondary Destination S_D where all reflected signals on IRS are in phase at S_D. We show that IRS offers 14, 20, 26, 32, 38, 44, 50 dB enhancement in throughput using M = 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 reflectors with respect to CRN without IRS. We… More >

Afiya Kiran¹, Ahmad Karim^2,*, Yasser Obaid Alharbi³, Diaa Mohammed Uliyan³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 183-197, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021860

Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can be termed as an auto-configured and infrastructure-less wireless networks to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure and motion etc. WSNs may comprise thousands of Internet of Things (IoT) devices to sense and collect data from its surrounding, process the data and take an automated and mechanized decision. On the other side the proliferation of these devices will soon cause radio spectrum shortage. So, to facilitate these networks, we integrate Cognitive Radio (CR) functionality in these networks. CR can sense the unutilized spectrum of licensed users and then use these empty… More >

Wejdan Wasel Aljaghthami^*, Mohammad Haseeb Zafar, Afraa Zuhair Attiah

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1111-1126, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019912

Abstract The accelerated development of wireless network technology has resulted in the emergence of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN), which is a technology commonly used in the medical field. WBAN consists of tiny sensor nodes that interconnect with each other and set in the human body to collect and transmit the patient data to the physician, to monitor the patients remotely. These nodes typically have limited battery energy that led to a shortage of network lifetime. Therefore, energy efficiency is considered one of the most demanding challenges in routing design for WBAN. Many proposed routing mechanisms in WBAN did not cover… More >