H. R. Shakir^a, O. A. Chichan^b, M. S. Sada^c,*, S. A. Hussein^d, S. S. Chiad^e, N. F. Habubi^f, Y. H. Kadhim^g, M. Jadan^h,i

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.1, pp. 77-89, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.221.77

Abstract CdS, and CdS: Al were grown onto glass bases via Chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP). XRD analysis of CdS films indicates a polycrystalline hexagonal structure with a predominant orientation of the (101) plane. The strain decreased from 28.55 to 25.66, and the grain size of undoped CdS films was around (13.51–12.14) nm as Al content rose. According to the results of AFM, CdS, CdS:2% Al, and CdS:4% Al all exhibit smooth surfaces with decreasing particle size in the range of (78.46), (69.75), and (42.20) nm, respectively. The root-mean-square roughness values for CdS and CdS:4% Al were… More >

M. R. S. Nasuha^a,*, H. Azhan^b,c, L. Hasnimulyati^c, W. A. W. Razali^c, Y. Norihan^c

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.1, pp. 23-31, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.221.23

Abstract The need for effective shielding materials has grown as radiation-based technologies have been more widely used. Glasses doped with rare earth elements like neodymium oxide, are promising candidates due to their enhanced radiation attenuation properties. Using Phy-X software, this research examines how neodymium oxide doping affects the shielding properties of yttrium lead borotellurite glass. X-ray diffraction confirmed the amorphous structure, while density measurements showed increased density with neodymium oxide addition. The Phy-X software calculated radiation shielding parameters for gamma energies from 10^⁻³ to 10^⁵ MeV. The results demonstrate that neodymium oxide improves gamma irradiation attenuation and More >

G. R. Štrbac^a,*, O. Bošák^b, D. Štrbac^c, R. Vigi^a, M. Kubliha^b, S. Minárik^b

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.5, pp. 481-491, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.225.481

Abstract The temperature dependence of direct current (DC) conductivity, silver content, and the presence of crystalline phases in amorphous and annealed chalcogenides from the Ag_x(As₂(Te_0.5Se_0.5)₃)_100-x system was investigated. Amorphous samples exhibited semiconducting behavior, with conductivity increase as the silver content raised. This increase was primarily attributed to electron transitions into delocalized states from states localized near the Fermi level. Percolation behavior in conductivity was observed in the samples containing 7 at.% or more silver. For annealed samples with silver content below 9 at.%, temperature-independent DC conductivity was identified, accompanied by a decrease in conductivity as the silver More >

R. Rajeev^a,b,*, C. M. S. Negi^a

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.5, pp. 469-480, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.225.469

Abstract Cobalt-doped cadmium sulphide nanoparticles of semiconductors (CDs: Co NPs) were synthesised using various cobalt concentrations utilising a microwave-assisted approach. Debye-Scherer equation revealed the nanoparticles' size range to be between 2 and 4 nm. Diffraction from X-rays revealed a zinc mix structure. According to the structure in the optical bandgap energies indicates that, doping has systematically raised the bandgap energy as the doping concentration raises. The composition of the nanoparticles which was verified by EDAX, validated the effective integration of cobalt into the CdS structure. The detection of different functional and vibrational groups was performed at More >

B. Yassine, B. Tahar^*, G. Fathi, B. Meriem, B. Ibtissem

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.7, pp. 637-648, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.227.637 - 17 December 2025

Abstract In this paper, we designed a two-junction (tandem) solar cell model (tandem solar cell), consisting of an top and bottom subcell with absorber layers of Cu₂SnZnS₄ (CZTS) and Cu₂SnZnSe₄ (CZTSe) materials, respectively, for each subcell with a ZnS buffer layer and a ZnO window layer. This model was validated using the SCAPS-1D numerical simulation program. We also optimized the performance of the tandem cell as a whole using the simulation by studying the effect of the thickness of the absorber layer of the top subcell and the thickness of the absorber layer of the bottom subcell More >

Thanattha Chobsilp¹, Alongkot Treetong², Visittapong Yordsri³, Mattana Santasnachok^4,5, Pollawat Charoeythornkhajhornchai⁶, Jaruvit Sukkasem⁷, Winadda Wongwiriyapan⁸, Worawut Muangrat^1,5,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.11, pp. 2155-2168, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0111 - 24 November 2025

Abstract Nitrogen-doped activated carbon (N-AC) was successfully prepared by KOH-activation and nitrogen doping using ammonia (NH₃) heat treatment. Coconut shell-derived activated carbon (AC) was heat-treated under NH₃ gas in the temperature range of 700°C–900°C. Likewise, the mixture of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and AC was heated at 800°C, followed by heat treatment under NH₃ gas at 800°C (hereafter referred to as KOH-N-AC800). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method were utilized to analyze morphology, crystallinity, chemical bonding, chemical composition and surface area. The surface area and porosity of N-AC increased with increasing… More >

S. F. Hathot^a,*, B. M. Al Dabbagh^a, H. Aboud^b

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.21, No.2, pp. 201-215, 2024, DOI:10.15251/CL.2024.212.201

Abstract In this study, a series of barium-boro-tellurite glass hosts with varying concentration of Dy₂O₃ doping (0 to 1.25 mol%) were made by melt-quenching method. A study was conducted to investigate how Dy₂O₃ dopants affect the physical and spectroscopic traits of glasses. Raw materials including barium oxide (BaO), tellurium dioxide (TeO₂), boron oxide (B₂O₃), and dysprosium oxide (Dy₂O₃) were used to produce these glasses. XRD patterns of the samples showed a broad hump and absence of long-range periodic lattice arrangements, indicating their amorphous nature. The Raman spectral analyses displayed the various vibration modes where the most intense band caused… More >

S. A. Kamil^a,b,*, G. Jose^c

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.21, No.1, pp. 11-20, 2024, DOI:10.15251/CL.2024.211.11

Abstract Er³⁺-ions doped SiO₂-ZnO-Na₂O thin films were fabricated using ultrafast laser plasma doping (ULPD) techniques under different ambient atmospheres; vacuum, nitrogen, oxygen and argon gas. The thickness of the layer produced depends on the ambient atmosphere during fabrication. The layer fabricated under a vacuum is the thinnest among all of the samples. In addition, the surface layer for the sample fabricated under a vacuum environment seems to be relatively smoother compared with those of the others. XRD patterns show that all samples are in a mixed amorphous-crystalline phase. All the Raman spectra exhibited a similar pattern, except More >

A. Benmir^*, M. L. Louazene

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.21, No.4, pp. 305-317, 2024, DOI:10.15251/CL.2024.214.305

Abstract This article deals with the optimization by simulation of a graded bandgap thin film solar cell based on antimony selenosulfide Sb₂(Se_1-yS_y)₃ having the following structure: Front contact/n-ZnO/i-ZnO/p-SbSSe/n-CdS/Back contact. The simulation is performed using SCAPS-1D software. The optimization process includes optimizing the bulk defect density, bandgap profile, material composition, thickness, and doping density of the absorber layer of thin film solar cell based on antimony selenosulfide Sb₂(Se_1-yS_y)₃. We found that for a bulk defect density below 10¹³ cm^-3 , using an absorber material with a graded bandgap profile leads to an efficiency of 25.33 % (For a bulk… More >

W. Abbas^a,*, A. Mahmood^b, W. Al-Masry^b, C. W. Dunnill^c

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.21, No.11, pp. 953-963, 2024, DOI:10.15251/CL.2024.2111.953

Abstract A supercapattery merges the advantageous characteristics of batteries and supercapacitors (SCs). During this research, we synthesized strontium sulfide (SrS) using the hydrothermal method, and then we doped it with nitrogen/graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs). For SrS/NGQDs, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis determined the total surface area to be 15.50 m² /g. Using the three-electrode assembly, the composite strontium sulfide (SrS/NGQDs) revealed a specific capacity (C_s) of 737 Cg^-1 . Battery-graded SrS/N-GQDs was utilized as anode and activated carbon (AC) as cathode to assemble a hybrid supercapacitor (SC). It delivered a remarkable power density of 1440 Wkg^-1 , the SrS/N-GQDs//AC More >