Renganathan Manimaran^a, Rajagopal Thundil Karuppa Raj^b,*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.5, pp. 1-9, 2014, DOI:10.5098/hmt.5.2

Abstract Diesel engine combustion modeling presents a challenging task with the formation and breakup of spray into droplets. In this work, 3D-CFD computations are performed to understand the behaviour of spray droplet diameter and temperature during the combustion by varying the swirl ratio and injection timing. After the validation and grid and time independency tests, it is found that increase in swirl ratio from 1.4 to 4.1 results in peak pressure rise of 8 bar and an advancement of injection timing from 6 deg bTDC to 20 deg bTDC results in increase of peak pressure by 15 %. More >

Xiujuan Wang¹, Yiqi Tian^1,*, Kangfeng Zheng², Chutong Liu³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.2, pp. 1949-1965, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.042224

Abstract Rapid advancement of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and autonomous driving (AD) have shown the importance of accurate and efficient detection of traffic signs. However, certain drawbacks, such as balancing accuracy and real-time performance, hinder the deployment of traffic sign detection algorithms in ITS and AD domains. In this study, a novel traffic sign detection algorithm was proposed based on the bidirectional Res2Net architecture to achieve an improved balance between accuracy and speed. An enhanced backbone network module, called C2Net, which uses an upgraded bidirectional Res2Net, was introduced to mitigate information loss in the feature extraction process and to achieve information… More >

Jauzak Hussaini Windiatmaja, Delphi Hanggoro, Muhammad Salman, Riri Fitri Sari^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.2, pp. 2309-2339, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.041152

Abstract This research presents a reputation-based blockchain consensus mechanism called Proof of Intelligent Reputation (PoIR) as an alternative to traditional Proof of Work (PoW). PoIR addresses the limitations of existing reputation-based consensus mechanisms by proposing a more decentralized and fair node selection process. The proposed PoIR consensus combines Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) with the Network Entity Reputation Database (NERD) to generate reputation scores for network entities and select authoritative nodes. NERD records network entity profiles based on various sources, i.e., Warden, Blacklists, DShield, AlienVault Open Threat Exchange (OTX), and MISP (Malware Information Sharing Platform). It summarizes these profile records into… More >

Fayaz Muhammad¹, Jahangir Khan¹, Asad Ullah¹, Fasee Ullah¹, Razaullah Khan², Inayat Khan², Mohammed ElAffendi³, Gauhar Ali^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 647-664, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.038748

Abstract IIF (Indirect Immune Florescence) has gained much attention recently due to its importance in medical sciences. The primary purpose of this work is to highlight a step-by-step methodology for detecting autoimmune diseases. The use of IIF for detecting autoimmune diseases is widespread in different medical areas. Nearly 80 different types of autoimmune diseases have existed in various body parts. The IIF has been used for image classification in both ways, manually and by using the Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) system. The data scientists conducted various research works using an automatic CAD system with low accuracy. The diseases in the human body… More >

Ziwei Li^1,2, Lifen Huang^1,2, Zhongyang Huo^1,2, Min Jiang^1,2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.11, pp. 2999-3019, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.030627

Abstract The canopy temperature of rice is an important index that directly reflects the growth and physiological state of rice, and affects the yield of rice plants to a great extent. The correlation between the temperatures of different rice organs and canopy in different growth stages and the grain yield is complex. The stability and universality of these correlations must be verified. We conducted a pot experiment using two rice varieties and two temperature treatments (high temperature treatment was carried out at the beginning of heading stage for 10 days). We measured rice organ temperature during seven stages of growth using… More >

Fida Mohammad^1,*, Mukhtaj Khan¹, Safdar Nawaz Khan Marwat², Naveed Jan³, Neelam Gohar⁴, Muhammad Bilal³, Amal Al-Rasheed⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.76, No.3, pp. 3523-3547, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.040202

Abstract Emotion Recognition in Conversations (ERC) is fundamental in creating emotionally intelligent machines. Graph-Based Network (GBN) models have gained popularity in detecting conversational contexts for ERC tasks. However, their limited ability to collect and acquire contextual information hinders their effectiveness. We propose a Text Augmentation-based computational model for recognizing emotions using transformers (TA-MERT) to address this. The proposed model uses the Multimodal Emotion Lines Dataset (MELD), which ensures a balanced representation for recognizing human emotions. The model used text augmentation techniques to produce more training data, improving the proposed model’s accuracy. Transformer encoders train the deep neural network (DNN) model, especially… More >

Abdulgbar A. R. Farea¹, Gehad Abdullah Amran^2,*, Ebraheem Farea³, Amerah Alabrah^4,*, Ahmed A. Abdulraheem⁵, Muhammad Mursil⁶, Mohammed A. A. Al-qaness⁷

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.76, No.3, pp. 3605-3622, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.040121

Abstract E-commerce, online ticketing, online banking, and other web-based applications that handle sensitive data, such as passwords, payment information, and financial information, are widely used. Various web developers may have varying levels of understanding when it comes to securing an online application. Structured Query language SQL injection and cross-site scripting are the two vulnerabilities defined by the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) for its 2017 Top Ten List Cross Site Scripting (XSS). An attacker can exploit these two flaws and launch malicious web-based actions as a result of these flaws. Many published articles focused on these attacks’ binary classification. This… More >

Bahera H. Nayef^1,*, Siti Norul Huda Sheikh Abdullah², Rossilawati Sulaiman², Ashwaq Mukred Saeed³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.76, No.3, pp. 3549-3567, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.039528

Abstract Text extraction from images using the traditional techniques of image collecting, and pattern recognition using machine learning consume time due to the amount of extracted features from the images. Deep Neural Networks introduce effective solutions to extract text features from images using a few techniques and the ability to train large datasets of images with significant results. This study proposes using Dual Maxpooling and concatenating convolution Neural Networks (CNN) layers with the activation functions Relu and the Optimized Leaky Relu (OLRelu). The proposed method works by dividing the word image into slices that contain characters. Then pass them to deep… More >

Jian Shang^1,2,*, Runmin Guan², Wei Wang²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.37, No.3, pp. 2609-2626, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.037694

Abstract The wide application of intelligent terminals in microgrids has fueled the surge of data amount in recent years. In real-world scenarios, microgrids must store large amounts of data efficiently while also being able to withstand malicious cyberattacks. To meet the high hardware resource requirements, address the vulnerability to network attacks and poor reliability in the traditional centralized data storage schemes, this paper proposes a secure storage management method for microgrid data that considers node trust and directed acyclic graph (DAG) consensus mechanism. Firstly, the microgrid data storage model is designed based on the edge computing technology. The blockchain, deployed on… More >

Menghui Liang¹, Changjun Zheng^1,*, Yongbin Zhang¹, Chuanxing Bi¹

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.27, No.1, pp. 1-1, 2023, DOI:10.32604/icces.2023.09605

Abstract This paper presents an accurate and efficient indirect boundary element method (IBEM) accelerated by the fast multipole algorithm (FMA)for the design sensitivity analysis of large-scale thin-body acoustic problems above an infinite impedance plane. The non-uniqueness issue of the IBEM in solving exterior acoustic problems is avoided by applying a hybrid combination of single- and double-layer potentials. The half-space impedance Green’s function which involves an image complex line source and is valid for both mass-like and spring-like impedance plane is employed to involve the sound-absorbing effect of the ground surface. Explicit evaluation formulations of the singular boundary integrals are derived and… More >