Rachana Arya^1,*, B. K. Singh²

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.46, No.1, pp. 93-105, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.029220

Abstract The 60-meter band range is tremendously useful in telecommunication, military and governmental applications. The I. T. U. (International Telecommunication Union) required isolationism to former radio frequency services because the various frequency bands are extremely overloaded. The allocation of new frequency bands are a lengthy procedure as well as time taking. As a result, the researchers use bidirectional, amateur radio frequency communication for 60-meter band, usually the frequency slot of 5250–5450 KHz, although the entire band is not essentially obtainable for all countries. For transmission and reception of these frequencies, a local oscillator is used in the mixer unit to generate… More >

Mahendrakumar Subramaniam^1,*, V. Vedanarayanan², Azath Mubarakali³, S. Sathiya Priya⁴

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.2, pp. 1603-1612, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.032396

Abstract Machine Learning concepts have raised executions in all knowledge domains, including the Internet of Thing (IoT) and several business domains. Quality of Service (QoS) has become an important problem in IoT surrounding since there is a vast explosion of connecting sensors, information and usage. Sensor data gathering is an efficient solution to collect information from spatially disseminated IoT nodes. Reinforcement Learning Mechanism to improve the QoS (RLMQ) and use a Mobile Sink (MS) to minimize the delay in the wireless IoT s proposed in this paper. Here, we use machine learning concepts like Reinforcement Learning (RL) to improve the QoS… More >

Naret Ruttanaprommarin¹, Zulqurnain Sabir^2,3, Rafaél Artidoro Sandoval Núñez⁴, Emad Az-Zo’bi⁵, Wajaree Weera⁶, Thongchai Botmart^6,*, Chantapish Zamart⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.3, pp. 5915-5930, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.034362

Abstract The current research aims to implement the numerical results for the Holling third kind of functional response delay differential model utilizing a stochastic framework based on Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation neural networks (LVMBPNNs). The nonlinear model depends upon three dynamics, prey, predator, and the impact of the recent past. Three different cases based on the delay differential system with the Holling 3^rd type of the functional response have been used to solve through the proposed LVMBPNNs solver. The statistic computing framework is provided by selecting 12%, 11%, and 77% for training, testing, and verification. Thirteen numbers of neurons have been used based… More >

Weizheng Wang^1,2, Xingxing Gong¹, Xiangqi Wang³, Gwang-jun Kim^4,*, Fayez Alqahtani⁵, Amr Tolba⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.3, pp. 6605-6622, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.031617

Abstract The advanced integrated circuits have been widely used in various situations including the Internet of Things, wireless communication, etc. But its manufacturing process exists unreliability, so cryptographic chips must be rigorously tested. Due to scan testing provides high test coverage, it is applied to the testing of cryptographic integrated circuits. However, while providing good controllability and observability, it also provides attackers with a backdoor to steal keys. In the text, a novel protection scheme is put forward to resist scan-based attacks, in which we first use the responses generated by a strong physical unclonable function circuit to solidify fuse-antifuse structures… More >

I. Ambika^1,*, Surbhi Bhatia², Shakila Basheer³, Pankaj Dadheech⁴

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.2, pp. 1323-1342, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.030786

Abstract A set of mobile devices that employs wireless transmission for communication is termed Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Offering better communication services among the users in a centralized organization is the primary objective of the MANET. Due to the features of MANET, this can directly End-to-End Delay (EED) the Quality of Service (QoS). Hence, the implementation of resource management becomes an essential issue in MANETs. This paper focuses on the efficient Resource Allocation (RA) for many types of Traffic Flows (TF) in MANET. In Mobile Ad hoc Networks environments, the main objective of Resource Allocation (RA) is to process consistently… More >

Youngjun Kim¹, Taekook Kim², Hyungoo Choi¹, Jinwoo Park¹, Yeunwoong Kyung^3,*

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.1, pp. 193-204, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.032784

Abstract Mobility support to change the connection from one access point (AP) to the next (i.e., handover) becomes one of the important issues in IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs). During handover, the channel scanning procedure, which aims to collect neighbor AP (NAP) information on all available channels, accounts for most of the delay time. To reduce the channel scanning procedure, a neighbor beacon frame transmission scheme (N-BTS) was proposed for a seamless handover. N-BTS can provide a seamless handover by removing the channel scanning procedure. However, N-BTS always requires operating overhead even if there are few mobile stations (MSs)… More >

G. Pandiyan^*, E. Sasikala

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.1, pp. 617-632, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.029337

Abstract Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) assists clouds to handle enormous tasks from mobile devices in close proximity. The edge servers are not allocated efficiently according to the dynamic nature of the network. It leads to processing delay, and the tasks are dropped due to time limitations. The researchers find it difficult and complex to determine the offloading decision because of uncertain load dynamic condition over the edge nodes. The challenge relies on the offloading decision on selection of edge nodes for offloading in a centralized manner. This study focuses on minimizing task-processing time while simultaneously increasing the success rate of service… More >

Raed Alhamad^1,*, Hatem Boujemaa²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.1, pp. 2149-2159, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.033222

Abstract In this paper, the throughput and delay of cooperative communications are derived when solar energy is used and relay node is selected using a timer. The source and relays harvest energy from sun using a photo voltaic system. The harvested power is used by the source to transmit data to the relays. Then, a selected relay amplifies the signal to the destination. Opportunistic, partial and reactive relay selection are used. The relay transmits when its timer elapses. The timer is set to a value proportional to the inverse of its Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). Therefore, the relay with largest… More >

Yingying Li¹, Hang Jiang¹, Lianjie Yu¹, Jianfeng Li^1,2,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 2123-2136, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.021407

Abstract To improve the estimation accuracy, a novel time delay estimation (TDE) method based on the closed-form offset compensation is proposed. Firstly, we use the generalized cross-correlation with phase transform (GCC-PHAT) method to obtain the initial TDE. Secondly, a signal model using normalized cross spectrum is established, and the noise subspace is extracted by eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) of covariance matrix. Using the orthogonal relation between the steering vector and the noise subspace, the first-order Taylor expansion is carried out on the steering vector reconstructed by the initial TDE. Finally, the offsets are compensated via simple least squares (LS). Compared to other… More >

Junsheng Sun^#, Haozhen Zhang^#, Mingxia Zhang, Sishen Li, Yanrong An^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.1, pp. 79-90, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.022225

Abstract EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3), a light zeitnehmer (time-taker) gene, regulates circadian rhythm and photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis, rice, and barley. The three orthologs of ELF3 (TaELF3-1AL, TaELF3-1BL, and TaELF3-1DL) have been identified in wheat too, and one gene, TaELF3-1DL, has been associated with heading date. However, the basic characteristics of these three genes and the roles of the other two genes, TaELF3-1BL and, TaELF3-1AL, remain unknown. Therefore, the present study obtained the coding sequences of the three orthologs (TaELF3-1AL, TaELF3-1BL, and TaELF3-1DL) of ELF3 from bread wheat and characterized them and investigated the role of TaELF3-1BL in Arabidopsis. Protein sequence… More >