Junzhe Cheng^*

Journal of Cyber Security, Vol.7, pp. 343-357, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jcs.2025.067979 - 22 September 2025

Abstract We present a novel Transformer-based network intrusion detection system (IDS) that automatically learns complex feature relationships from raw traffic. Our architecture embeds both categorical (e.g., protocol, flag) and numerical (e.g., packet count, duration) inputs into a unified latent space with positional encodings, and processes them through multi-layer multi-head self-attention blocks. The Transformer’s global attention enables the IDS to capture subtle, long-range correlations in the data (e.g., coordinated multi-step attacks) without manual feature engineering. We complement the model with extensive data augmentation (SMOTE, GANs) to mitigate class imbalance and improve robustness. In evaluation on benchmark datasets… More >

Muhammad Zaid Jawaid, Muhammad Fasih Khalid, Ahmed Abou Elezz, Talaat Ahmed^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.8, pp. 2423-2439, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.068303 - 29 August 2025

Abstract Salt stress is a major threat to crop agricultural productivity. Salinity affects plants’ physiological and biochemical functions by hampering metabolic functions and decreasing photosynthetic rates. Salinity causes hyperosmotic and hyperionic stress, directly impairing plant growth. In this study, eggplant seeds primed with moringa leaf extract (5%, 10%, and 15%), nano-titanium dioxide (0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06%), and ascorbic acid (0.5, 1, and 2 mM) at different NaCl salt (0, 75, and 150 mM) concentration were grown. The germination attributes (final germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time, and mean germination rate) and growth (root length, shoot… More >

Malini Ray¹, Sanchari Burman², Shweta Meshram^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.8, pp. 2285-2312, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.067814 - 29 August 2025

Abstract Plants are under constant exposure to varied biotic and abiotic stresses, which significantly affect their growth, productivity, and survival. Biotic stress, caused by pathogens, and abiotic stress, including drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and heavy metals, activate overlapping yet distinct immune pathways. These are comprised of morphological barriers, hormonal signaling, and the induction of stress-responsive genes through complex pathways mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), phytohormones, and secondary metabolites. Abiotic stress triggers organelle-mediated retrograde signaling from organelles like chloroplasts and mitochondria, which causes unfolded protein responses and the regulation of cellular homeostasis. Simultaneously, biotic stress activates… More > Graphic Abstract

Xuezhi Wen¹, Eric Danso^2,*, Solomon Danso²

Journal of Cyber Security, Vol.7, pp. 45-69, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jcs.2025.063606 - 08 May 2025

Abstract Deep learning models have achieved remarkable success in healthcare, finance, and autonomous systems, yet their security vulnerabilities to adversarial attacks remain a critical challenge. This paper presents a novel dual-phase defense framework that combines progressive adversarial training with dynamic runtime protection to address evolving threats. Our approach introduces three key innovations: multi-stage adversarial training with TRADES (Tradeoff-inspired Adversarial Defense via Surrogate-loss minimization) loss that progressively scales perturbation strength, maintaining 85.10% clean accuracy on CIFAR-10 (Canadian Institute for Advanced Research 10-class dataset) while improving robustness; a hybrid runtime defense integrating feature manipulation, statistical anomaly detection, and… More >

José Adrian Perez-Robles, Carlos Alberto Lecona-Guzmán^*, Víctor Manuel Ruíz-Valdiviezo, Joaquín Adolfo Montes-Molina^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.9, pp. 2503-2518, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.029784 - 28 July 2023

Abstract The objective to this work was to evaluate the enzymatic activity in the culture of Solanum lycopersicum L. infected with Fusarium oxysporum after the combined application of Beauveria bassiana and plant extracts. Solanum lycopersicum plantlets were transplanted 15 days after the emergency. Five days after transplanting, Beauveria bassiana spores were applied at a concentration of 1 × 10⁷ spores mL⁻¹ onto soil (along with A. indica (N) and P. auritum (H) leaf extracts) where S. lycopersicum plants were planted. Eight days after transplanting, spores of F. oxysporum strain were applied at a concentration of 1 × 10⁶ spores mL⁻¹ to soil where S. lycopersicum plants were growing.… More >

Osama M. AHMED^1,*, Sanaa R. GALALY², Mai RASLAN³, Mennah-Allah M. A. MOSTAFA^1,*

BIOCELL, Vol.44, No.1, pp. 41-53, 2020, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2020.08157 - 01 March 2020

Abstract This study aimed to assess the preventive effects of thyme oil and thymol on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced renotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Thyme oil was subjected to GC-MS analysis, which indicated that thymol was the major constituent representing 33.896%. Rats intraperitoneally injected with DOX at a dose of 2 mg/kg b.w./one per week for 7 weeks were co-treated with thyme oil and its major constituent, thymol, at doses 250 and 100 mg/kg b.w./every other day, respectively, by oral gavage for the same period. Thyme oil and thymol markedly ameliorated the raised levels of… More >

Anneleen Berende^1,3, Marije Oosting^1,2, Bart-Jan Kullberg^1,2, Mihai G. Netea^1,2, Leo A. B. Joosten^1,2

European Cytokine Network, Vol.21, No.1, pp. 7-18, 2010, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2009.0179

Abstract Borrelia is the causative agent of Lyme disease, a widespread disease with important health conse-quences. Immune-mediated mechanisms are believed to play a major role in both host defense and in late com-plications of Lyme disease. Recognition of Borrelia and the initial activation of the innate immune system are important for host defense, as well as modulation of adaptive responses. Several classes of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been suggested to be involved in the recognition of Borrelia: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). TLR2 has been found to be the most important More >