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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Numerical Study of Indentation Delamination of Strongly Bonded Films by Use of a Cohesive Zone Model

    W. Li1 and T. Siegmund1

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.5, No.1, pp. 81-90, 2004, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2004.005.081

    Abstract Results of a computational study of the mechanics of indentation induced interface delamination are described for a system consisting of a ductile film on an elastic substrate. Special attention is paid to the properties of the interface between film and substrate, and the influence of the interface properties on the indentation response. Specifically, strong interfaces are considered. The interface is characterized by the use of a cohesive zone model. The finite element method is used to solve the boundary value problem, with the interface behavior incorporated via a cohesive model in a traction-separation formulation. The model does not include any… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Cardanol-Based Polyurethane Coatings via Click Chemistry: An Eco-friendly Approach

    Kunal Wazarkar, Anagha Sabnis*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.5, pp. 517-528, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.634181

    Abstract This research work discloses the preparation of polyurethane coatings from cardanol modified using thiolene chemistry, wherein unsaturated long alkyl chain of cardanol was successfully utilized via thiol-ene click reaction to synthesize polyol. For this purpose, cardanol and thioglycerol was reacted in the presence of Irgacure 184 (photoinitiator) and 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (catalyst) and exposed to UV light for 12 h at 80 °C. One mole of thioglycerol was successfully added across the double bond of fatty chain of cardanol and confirmed by chemical and spectroscopic analysis. Further, the polyol thus prepared was cured with various polyisocyanates, viz., N-75 (HDI based), L-67/BA (TDI… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Development of Cardanol-Based Polyol via Click Chemistry and Crosslinking with Melamine Formaldehyde Resin for Coating Applications

    Kunal Wazarkar, Anagha Sabnis*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.4, pp. 438-449, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.634159

    Abstract The research work presented in this article deals with the synthesis of cardanol-based polyol and its curing with hexabutoxymethyl melamine (HBMM) for application in coatings. Cardanol-based polyol was prepared via thiol-ene click reaction using thioglycerol. Unsaturation present in the long chain of cardanol was successfully utilized to synthesize polyol via thiol-ene coupling. The reaction was carried out between cardanol and thioglycerol in the presence of Irgacure 184 (photoinitiator) and 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (catalyst) under UV light for 12 h at 80 °C. After completion of the reaction, one mole of thioglycerol was successfully added across the double bond of a fatty chain… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Surfactant-Assisted Poly(lactic acid)/Cellulose Nanocrystal Bionanocomposite for Potential Application in Paper Coating

    Ragab E. Abou-Zeid1*, Mohamed A. Diab1, Salah A. A. Mohamed2, Ahmed Salama1, Hind Abdullah Aljohani3, Kamel Rizq Shoueir4

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.4, pp. 394-401, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.634156

    Abstract The current article addresses a new strategy for the preparation of polylactic acid/cellulose nanocrystal (PLA/CNCs) nanobiocomposite films with improved structural morphology, mechanical and barrier properties for food packaging applications. The addition of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as cationic and anionic surfactants respectively, was found to play a crucial role in preventing re-aggregation of the CNCs during drying and improving the dispersion of CNCs in the PLA. The coated paper was characterized using mechanical tests, water vapor permeability (WVP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and air permeability. The results showed that the paper coated with… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Formation of Highly Oriented Cellulose Nanocrystal Films by Spin Coating Film from Aqueous Suspensions

    Mingzhe Jiang1, S. Nicole DeMass1, D. Ross Economy2, Thomas Shackleton1, Christopher L. Kitchens1*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.4, No.5, pp. 377-387, 2016, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2016.634131

    Abstract Spin coating was used to cast a uniform film of cellulose nanocrystals with low surface roughness and variable thickness as a function of operational parameters that include rotational speed and dispense suspension concentration. The film thickness was controllable from 40 nm up to 1 μm with surface roughness an order of magnitude less than blade-coating methods. The degree of radial orientation was qualitatively assessed and shown to be variable with processing parameters. Under specific processing conditions, the formation of striation patterns was observed and associated with film drying instability. The striation patterns are periodic in nature where the wavelength and… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Preparation of β-Cyclodextrin/Latex Dispersion for Coating of Cellulose Fabric

    Monique de Alvarenga Pinto Cotrim1*, Jessyca Aparecida Paes Dutra2, Suzana Gonçalves Carvalho2, Janaina Cecília Oliveira Villanova2, Eliane Ayres1

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.4, No.1, pp. 9-17, 2016, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2015.634122

    Abstract In recent years there has been an increasing demand for the application of natural products to address problems in the environment. The use of products derived from renewable resources can provide a sustainable strategy to replace totally or partially synthetic products. Cymbopogon, commonly known as lemongrass, is a tropical grass cultivated mostly for its essential oil, which has demonstrated several bioactivities, including antibacterial and antifungal properties. In the present work the formation of inclusion complex between β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) as well as its fi xation onto cotton fabric were investigated. Inclusion complex was prepared through solution… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Multi-domain boundary knot method for ultra-thin coating problems

    Hui Zheng1, Wen Chen1,2,3, Chuanzeng Zhang4

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.90, No.3, pp. 179-195, 2013, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2013.090.179

    Abstract This paper develops a multi-domain boundary knot method (BKM) formulation to solve the heat conduction problems of ultra-thin coatings. This approach overcomes the troublesome singular integration difficulty in the boundary element method in the simulation of such ultra-thin coating problems. Our numerical results show that the present BKM is very promising with sufficient accuracy in predicting the temperature distributions and the other physical quantities in thin coated layers even when the thickness ranges from 10-1m to 10-9m. The present method can also easily be extended to the three-dimensional problems. More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    The Stress Analysis of Thin Contact Layers: a Viscoelastic Case

    C. Y. Chen1, C. Atkinson2

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.48, No.3, pp. 219-240, 2009, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2009.048.219

    Abstract In this paper, we extend our previous analysis of a contact problem with a circular indenter pressed normally against a semi-infinite elastic composite to that of a semi-infinite viscoelastic composite which consists of a contact layer with uniform thickness welded together with another dissimilar medium. Using the correspondence principle between the Laplace transformed elastic equations and the viscoelastic ones, the asymptotic results derived previously for the pure elastic case are readily adopted for the viscoelastic one with the elastic constants replaced by appropriate functions of Laplace transformed variables for the linear viscoelastic solid. We focus our analysis on the force… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Transient Coupled Thermoelastic Contact Problems Incorporating Thermal Resistance: a BEM Approach

    L.K. Keppas1, G.I. Giannopoulos1, N.K. Anifantis1

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.25, No.3, pp. 181-196, 2008, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2008.025.181

    Abstract In the present paper a boundary element procedure is formulated to treat two-dimensional time dependent thermo-elastic contact problems incorporating thermal resistance along the contacting surfaces. The existence of pressure-dependent thermal contact leads to coupling of temperature and stress fields. Therefore, the inherent non-linearity of the problem demands simultaneous treating of both thermal and mechanical boundary integral equations while iterative procedures are introduced to ensure equilibrium of mechanical and thermal contact conditions at each step of the process. The transient behavior of interfacial cracks in bimaterial solids when undergo thermal shock in the presence of partial crack closure and thermal contact… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Thermal Stress Analysis of Multi-layer Thin Films and Coatings by an Advanced Boundary Element Method

    Xiaolin Chen, Yijun Liu1

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.2, No.3, pp. 337-350, 2001, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2001.002.337

    Abstract An advanced boundary element method (BEM) is developed in this paper for analyzing thin layered structures, such as thin films and coatings, under the thermal loading. The boundary integral equation (BIE) formulation for steady-state thermoelasticity is reviewed and a special case, that is, the BIE for a uniform distribution of the temperature change, is presented. The new nearly-singular integrals arising from the applications of the BIE/BEM to thin layered structures under thermal loading are treated in the same way as developed earlier for thin structures under the mechanical loading. Three 2-D test problems involving layered thin films and coatings on… More >

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