Lanjun Li¹, Degang Zhao^1,2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.11, pp. 3043-3061, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.031175 - 24 October 2023

Abstract Various strains of powdery mildew (PM), a notorious plant fungal disease, are prevalent and pose a significant threat to plant health. To control PM, transgenic technology can be used to cultivate more resistant plant varieties. In the present study, we utilized the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique to clone the full-length cDNA sequence of the EuCHIT30.7 gene to explore plant genes with disease resistance functions. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that this gene belongs to the GH18 family and is classified as a class III chitinase. The EuCHIT30.7 gene is expressed throughout the Eucommia ulmoides plant, with… More >

José Adrian Perez-Robles, Carlos Alberto Lecona-Guzmán^*, Víctor Manuel Ruíz-Valdiviezo, Joaquín Adolfo Montes-Molina^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.9, pp. 2503-2518, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.029784 - 28 July 2023

Abstract The objective to this work was to evaluate the enzymatic activity in the culture of Solanum lycopersicum L. infected with Fusarium oxysporum after the combined application of Beauveria bassiana and plant extracts. Solanum lycopersicum plantlets were transplanted 15 days after the emergency. Five days after transplanting, Beauveria bassiana spores were applied at a concentration of 1 × 10⁷ spores mL⁻¹ onto soil (along with A. indica (N) and P. auritum (H) leaf extracts) where S. lycopersicum plants were planted. Eight days after transplanting, spores of F. oxysporum strain were applied at a concentration of 1 × 10⁶ spores mL⁻¹ to soil where S. lycopersicum plants were growing.… More >

Henry López-López¹, Nancy Ruiz-Lau², Rocío Meza-Gordillo¹, Víctor Manuel Ruiz-Valdiviezo¹, Joseph Galthier Robledo-Luchetti¹, Carlos Alberto Lecona-Guzmán¹, Juan José Villalobos-Maldonado¹, Luc Dendooven³, Joaquín Adolfo Montes-Molina^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.4, pp. 1235-1255, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.025716 - 06 January 2023

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of Beauveria bassiana (Bb 1205) on controlling Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol 17108) in tomato plants in greenhouse conditions. Inoculation of Bb 1205 was the most promising among the agronomic variables and expression of the activity of the enzymes β-1,3-glucanases and chitinases. Inoculation of Bb 1205 occurred at a concentration of 1 × 10⁸ conidia·mL⁻¹, which was administered onto the leaves, directly into the soil and via injection. Infection with Fol 17108 occurred with 1 × 10⁶ spores·mL⁻¹, which were added directly to the soil. Spectrophotometry was used for measuring agronomic… More >

Che Engku Noramalina Che Engku Chik¹, Amyra Suryatie Kamaruzzan¹, Ahmad Ideris Abdul Rahim¹, Fathurrahman Lananan^2,3, Azizah Endut⁴, Siti Aslamyah⁵, Nor Azman Kasan^1,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.3, pp. 1181-1197, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.022755 - 31 October 2022

Abstract Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide, produced mainly as an industrial waste stream during crustacean processing. Chitin can be derived into chitosan through the deacetylation process. Conversion of shrimp waste into chitosan via the deacetylation process could be considered a practical approach for shell waste remediation. In this study, chitosan’s physicochemical characteristics extracted from two types of Pacific white leg shrimp, L. vannamei’s shell (i.e., rough and smooth), were compared with commercial chitosan. The yield, moisture, ash, solubility, water and fat binding capacity were measured. The degree of deacetylation (DDA) was calculated using FTIR, and… More > Graphic Abstract

Guangheng Wu^1,#,*, Lu Rui^2,3,#, Xiang Lu⁴, Libo Han², Gan Lv¹, Xianyu Fu⁵, Jinxian Liu⁵, Nong Zhou³, Chuanhai Zhang¹

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.1, pp. 131-147, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.021919 - 06 September 2022

Abstract Gray blight disease (GBD) causes significant losses in tea production in China. Although genes and biological processes involved in resistance to fungal disease in tea plants have been identified, specific mechanisms of the GBD infection process remain unknown. In this study, morphological and multi-gene (TEF-TUB-ITS) phylogenetic characteristics were used to identify isolate CLBB1 of Pseudopestalotiopsis vietnamensis. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that isolate CLBB1 from tea leaves caused GBD in the susceptible tea cultivar Wuyi Rock (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cv. Shuixian). Spores began to germinate 24 h after infection (hai), and after 48 h, elongated fungal hyphae formed from a single More >

MARIA JENITA, LALITHAPRIYA U, SUKUMAR M^*

Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.39, No.1-2, pp. 71-87, 2022, DOI:10.32381/JPM.2022.39.1-2.5

Abstract In this study, a multi-layered green polymer-based packaging composite assembled by active flavonoid Kaempferol grafted with starch-chitosan was prepared, and its characteristics and effect on meat storage, including physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant capacity, were analysed and evaluated at refrigeration conditions given four treatments: CON (control— without coating), SEC (with starch+chitin), P01 (with starch+chitin + 1% of Kaempferol) and P02 (with starch+chitin + 2% of Kaempferol). The addition of Kaempferol increased the antioxidant activity of meat and inhibited the lipid oxidation until day 24 upon migration effect; also improving meat acceptability. The Rancimat induction time confirmed More >

Hsiao Wei Tan¹, Zhi Yin Joan Lim², Nur Airina Muhamad³, Fong Fong Liew^4,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.4, pp. 909-938, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.018183 - 02 November 2021

Abstract With a growing population, changes in consumerism behavior and trends in consumption in Indo-Pacific Asia, our seafood processing and consumption practices produce a large volume of waste products. There are several advantages in regulating and sustaining shellfish processing industries. The major advantage of waste management is that it leads to better conservation of natural resources in the long run. Shrimp shell waste contains useful biomaterials, which are still untapped due to inadequate waste disposal and solid waste management. Chitin, the major component of shell waste, can be extracted either chemically or biologically. The chemical extraction More > Graphic Abstract

Benedict Terkula Iber^1,2,*, Nor Azman Kasan^1,*, Donald Torsabo^1,2, Jenifer Wese Omuwa²

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.4, pp. 1097-1123, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.018142 - 02 November 2021

Abstract Chitin was first discovered by its name from the Greek word “chiton”, which means “mail coat”. It is indeed a polysaccharide made up of naturally occurring acetyl-D-glucosamine monomers. Hatchett was the first researcher who extracted chitin from the shells of mollusks (crabs and lobsters), prawns, and crayfish in 1799. Later in 1811, Henri Braconnot discovered chitin in the cell walls of mushrooms and called it “fungine”. Chitin and chitosan are abundant in the biosphere as essential components of many organisms’ exoskeletons and as by-products of the global seafood industry. The biopolymer must be deacetylated before… More >

ANU SINGH AND P.K. DUTTA^*

Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.38, No.1-2, pp. 63-69, 2021, DOI:10.32381/JPM.2021.38.1-2.6

Abstract The experiment was designed to examine the microsphere of the chitin-glucan complex. We formed a chitin-glucan microsphere (ChGMS) from the spray dryer technique. SEM images observed that shape of ChGMS was spherical. From particle size analyzer and SEM analysis both showed that the size of particles was in the range of 1.5 to 3.5 µm. It showed amorphous nature after the formation of microsphere particles of chitin-glucan. The effect of chitin-glucan complex and ciprofloxacin loaded chitin-glucan microsphere on Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli were also tested. Antibacterial analysis was indicating that the ciprofloxacin loaded chitinglucan More >

Abdelghani Hassainia¹, Hamid Satha^1,*, Boufi Sami²

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.8, No.1, pp. 101-111, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2020.07725 - 01 January 2020

Abstract Two methods were used to produce chitosan by deacetylation of chitin which was extracted from Agaricus bisporus stipes. The first one gives chitosan 1 with low yield of 2.5%, degree of acetylation (DA) of 4%, molecular weight (MW) of 2.973 × 10⁵ (g/mol). The second route produces chitosan 2 with higher yield of 41%, degree of acetylation (DA) of 17.23%, molecular weight (MW) of 2.939 × 10⁵ (g/mol). Both chitosans were characterized by XRD, FTIR, ¹ H-NMR spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance of proton. The molecular weight (M_W) was determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Thermal analysis shows that More >