Lingjie Zhao, Cong Li^*

Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.5, pp. 1363-1380, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.046918

Abstract The Miller cycle is a program that effectively reduces NO_x emissions from marine diesel engines by lowering the maximum combustion temperature in the cylinder, thereby reducing NO_x emissions. To effectively investigate the impact of Miller cycle optimum combustion performance and emission capability under high load conditions, this study will perform a one-dimensional simulation of the performance of a marine diesel engine, as well as a three-dimensional simulation of the combustion in the cylinder. A 6-cylinder four-stroke single-stage supercharged diesel engine is taken as the research object. The chassis dynamometer and other related equipment are used to build the test system,… More >

Xiang Lin^1,*, Jian Fang¹, Ming Zhang¹, Kuang Yin¹, Yan Tian¹, Yingfei Guo², Qianggang Wang²

Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.5, pp. 1127-1141, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.046861

Abstract Efforts to protect electric power systems from faults have commonly relied on the use of ultra-high frequency (UHF) antennas for detecting partial discharge (PD) as a common precursor to faults. However, the effectiveness of existing UHF antennas suffers from a number of challenges such as limited bandwidth, relatively large physical size, and low detection sensitivity. The present study addresses these issues by proposing a compact microstrip patch antenna with fixed dimensions of 100 mm × 100 mm × 1.6 mm. The results of computations yield an optimized antenna design consisting of 2nd-order Hilbert fractal units positioned within a four-layer serpentine… More > Graphic Abstract

Sardar Hasen Ali^*, Maiwan Bahjat Abdulrazzaq

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.1, pp. 429-448, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.048356

Abstract Handwritten character recognition (HCR) involves identifying characters in images, documents, and various sources such as forms surveys, questionnaires, and signatures, and transforming them into a machine-readable format for subsequent processing. Successfully recognizing complex and intricately shaped handwritten characters remains a significant obstacle. The use of convolutional neural network (CNN) in recent developments has notably advanced HCR, leveraging the ability to extract discriminative features from extensive sets of raw data. Because of the absence of pre-existing datasets in the Kurdish language, we created a Kurdish handwritten dataset called (KurdSet). The dataset consists of Kurdish characters, digits, texts, and symbols. The dataset… More >

Zezheng Meng, Zefeng Cai, Jie Feng^*, Hanjie Ma, Haixiang Zhang, Shaohua Li

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.1, pp. 1481-1496, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.048002

Abstract Optical braille recognition methods typically employ existing target detection models or segmentation models for the direct detection and recognition of braille characters in original braille images. However, these methods need improvement in accuracy and generalizability, especially in densely dotted braille image environments. This paper presents a two-stage braille recognition framework. The first stage is a braille dot detection algorithm based on Gaussian diffusion, targeting Gaussian heatmaps generated by the convex dots in braille images. This is applied to the detection of convex dots in double-sided braille, achieving high accuracy in determining the central coordinates of the braille convex dots. The… More >

Qiuyang Wang, Zhen Xu^*, Lei Yang

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.1, pp. 1613-1630, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.047915

Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have the trouble of limited battery power, and wireless charging provides a promising solution to this problem, which is not easily affected by the external environment. In this paper, we study the recharging of sensors in wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) by scheduling two mobile chargers (MCs) to collaboratively charge sensors. We first formulate a novel sensor charging scheduling problem with the objective of maximizing the number of surviving sensors, and further propose a collaborative charging scheduling algorithm (CCSA) for WRSNs. In the scheme, the sensors are divided into important sensors and ordinary sensors. Two MCs… More >

Yiyi Cen^1,3, Wenzheng Jia², Wen Dai^3,*, Chun Wang⁴, He Wu¹

Revue Internationale de Géomatique, Vol.33, pp. 93-109, 2024, DOI:10.32604/rig.2024.050273

Abstract Color, as a significant element of village landscapes, serves various functions such as enhancing aesthetic appeal and attractiveness, conveying emotions and cultural values. To explore the three-dimensional spatial characteristics of color landscapes in beautiful villages, this study conducted a comparative experiment involving eight provincial-level beautiful villages and eight ordinary villages in Jinzhai County. Landscape pattern indices were used to analyze the color landscape patterns on the facades of these villages, complemented by a quantitative analysis of color attributes using the Munsell color system. The results indicate that (1) Natural landscape colors in beautiful villages are primarily concentrated in the yellow-red… More >

Wenqing Xiao^1,#, Yuhang Liu^2,#, Yuxin He¹, Qiaoguang Li^1,*, Yongquan Li^3,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.3, pp. 615-628, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.046780

Abstract Plasticizers are essential additives in the processing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), with phthalate plasticizers being widely used. However, these conventional plasticizers have been shown to be harmful to human health and environmentally unfriendly, necessitating the exploration of eco-friendly bio-based alternatives. In this study, Camellia oleifera seed oil, a specialty resource in China, was utilized as a raw material and reacted with 4,4′-Methylenebis(N,N-diglycidylaniline) (AG-80) to synthesize Phenyl Camellia seed Oil Ester (PCSOE). PCSOE was employed as a plasticizer to prepare modified PVC films with varying concentrations, with the conventional plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP) serving as a control. Experimental results demonstrate that… More >

Susi Susi^1,2,*, Makhmudun Ainuri^3,*, Wagiman Wagiman³, Mohammad Affan Fajar Falah³

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.3, pp. 513-537, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.045586

Abstract Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is one of the cellulose derivatives produced as a result of the depolymerization of a part of cellulose to achieve high crystallinity. When implemented in other polymers, high crystallinity correlates with greater strength and stiffnes, but it can reduce the water-holding capacity. The acid concentration and hydrolysis time will affect the acquisition of crystallinity and water absorption capacity, both of which have significance as properties of hydrogel filler. The study aimed to evaluate the properties and select the MCC generated from varying the proportion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and the appropriate hydrolysis time as a filler for… More > Graphic Abstract

JALPA V. CHOPDA, DHARMESH B. SANKHAVARA, JIGNESH P. PATEL, P. H. PARSANIA^*

Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.36, No.4, pp. 391-399, 2019, DOI:10.32381/JPM.2019.36.04.8

Abstract The epoxymethcrylate resin (EMBHBCMA) of (2E, 6E)-bis(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4- methylcyclohexanone(EMBHBC) was synthesized by condensing EMBHBC and methacrylic acid (1:2 mole ratio) by using 1,4-dioxane as a solvent and triethylamine as a catalyst at reflux temperature for 1-5 h to get acid value < 10. The structure of EMBHBCMA was supported by UV-Vis, FTIR, ¹ HNMR and ¹³CNMR spectroscopic techniques. Molecular weights and molecular weight distribution of EMBHBCMA were determined by gel permeation chromatography. EMBHBCMA is thermally stable up to about 300°C and followed two step degradation reactions. Kinetic parameters such as n, Ea, A and ΔS* were determined according to Anderson-Freeman method… More >

B. MOULIPRASANTH^A, P. HARIHARAN^B

Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.36, No.4, pp. 351-369, 2019, DOI:10.32381/JPM.2019.36.04.5

Abstract Electrical discharge machining is a non-traditional machining processes in which it is based upon thermal and electrical energy source as an interval energy pulse discharge in-between the work piece and tool electrode so as to remove the material. A systematical investigation of melting and vaporising of aluminium to find the output responses such as Material removal rate (MRR), Electrode wear rate (R_a), and Surface finish (EWR) in EDM using two different dielectrics was conducted as experimental work. The working fluids are Polyethylene glycol (PEG 600) and kerosene. It is the hour of need to get the maximum MRR and surface… More >