Wenhu Wang^1,2,3, Hibba Arshad⁴, Asfand Fahad^4,*, Imran Javaid⁴

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.135, No.2, pp. 1685-1699, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.023563 - 27 October 2022

Abstract One of the most recent developments in the field of graph theory is the analysis of networks such as Butterfly networks, Benes networks, Interconnection networks, and David-derived networks using graph theoretic parameters. The topological indices (TIs) have been widely used as graph invariants among various graph theoretic tools. Quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) and quantitative structure property relationships (QSPR) need the use of TIs. Different structure-based parameters, such as the degree and distance of vertices in graphs, contribute to the determination of the values of TIs. Among other recently introduced novelties, the classes of ev-degree and More >

Zhexi Zhang¹, Zhiguo Qu^1,2,*

Journal of Quantum Computing, Vol.1, No.2, pp. 89-109, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jqc.2019.07415

Abstract How to establish a secure and efficient quantum network coding algorithm is one of important research topics of quantum secure communications. Based on the butterfly network model and the characteristics of easy preparation of Bell states, a novel anti-noise quantum network coding protocol is proposed in this paper. The new protocol encodes and transmits classical information by virtue of Bell states. It can guarantee the transparency of the intermediate nodes during information, so that the eavesdropper Eve disables to get any information even if he intercepts the transmitted quantum states. In view of the inevitability More >