Kwabena Owusu-Mensah^*, Edward Danso Ansong , Kofi Sarpong Adu-Manu, Winfred Yaokumah

Journal of Cyber Security, Vol.8, pp. 33-92, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jcs.2026.074265 - 20 January 2026

Abstract The rapid growth of digital payment systems and remote financial services has led to a significant increase in Card-Not-Present (CNP) fraud, which is now the primary source of card-related losses worldwide. Traditional rule-based fraud detection methods are becoming insufficient due to several challenges, including data imbalance, concept drift, privacy concerns, and limited interpretability. In response to these issues, a systematic review of twenty-four CNP fraud detection frameworks developed between 2014 and 2025 was conducted. This review aimed to identify the technologies, strategies, and design considerations necessary for adaptive solutions that align with evolving regulatory standards.… More >

Bello Musa Yakubu^1,*, Nor Shahida Mohd Jamail ², Rabia Latif ², Seemab Latif ³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.072426 - 12 January 2026

Abstract Federated Learning (FL) enables joint training over distributed devices without data exchange but is highly vulnerable to attacks by adversaries in the form of model poisoning and malicious update injection. This work proposes Secured-FL, a blockchain-based defensive framework that combines smart contract–based authentication, clustering-driven outlier elimination, and dynamic threshold adjustment to defend against adversarial attacks. The framework was implemented on a private Ethereum network with a Proof-of-Authority consensus algorithm to ensure tamper-resistant and auditable model updates. Large-scale simulation on the Cyber Data dataset, under up to 50% malicious client settings, demonstrates Secured-FL achieves 6%–12% higher accuracy, More >

Ahsan Habib Siam¹, Md. Ehsanul Haque¹, Fahmid Al Farid², Anindita Sutradhar³, Jia Uddin^4,*, Sarina Mansor^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.069718 - 12 January 2026

Abstract As healthcare systems increasingly embrace digitalization, effective management of electronic health records (EHRs) has emerged as a critical priority, particularly in inpatient settings where data sensitivity and real-time access are paramount. Traditional EHR systems face significant challenges, including unauthorized access, data breaches, and inefficiencies in tracking follow-up appointments, which heighten the risk of misdiagnosis and medication errors. To address these issues, this research proposes a hybrid blockchain-based solution for securely managing EHRs, specifically designed as a framework for tracking inpatient follow-ups. By integrating QR code-enabled data access with a blockchain architecture, this innovative approach enhances… More >

Haibo Lei^1,2, Xu An Wang^1,*, Wenhao Liu¹, Lingling Wu¹, Chao Zhang¹, Weiwei Jiang³, Xiao Zou⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-31, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070030 - 09 December 2025

Abstract With the rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT), user data has experienced exponential growth, leading to increasing concerns about the security and integrity of data stored in the cloud. Traditional schemes relying on untrusted third-party auditors suffer from both security and efficiency issues, while existing decentralized blockchain-based auditing solutions still face shortcomings in correctness and security. This paper proposes an improved blockchain-based cloud auditing scheme, with the following core contributions: Identifying critical logical contradictions in the original scheme, thereby establishing the foundation for the correctness of cloud auditing; Designing an enhanced mechanism that… More >

Haochen Bao¹, Lingyun Yuan^1,2,*, Tianyu Xie^1,2, Han Chen¹, Hui Dai¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.1, pp. 1-30, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.069240 - 10 November 2025

Abstract In the age of big data, ensuring data privacy while enabling efficient encrypted data retrieval has become a critical challenge. Traditional searchable encryption schemes face difficulties in handling complex semantic queries. Additionally, they typically rely on honest but curious cloud servers, which introduces the risk of repudiation. Furthermore, the combined operations of search and verification increase system load, thereby reducing performance. Traditional verification mechanisms, which rely on complex hash constructions, suffer from low verification efficiency. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a blockchain-based contextual semantic-aware ciphertext retrieval scheme with efficient verification. Building on existing… More >

Dakshnamoorthy Manivannan^*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.49, pp. 533-555, 2025, DOI:10.32604/csse.2025.072267 - 08 December 2025

Abstract Attribute-based Encryption (ABE) enhances the confidentiality of Electronic Health Records (EHR) (also known as Personal Health Records (PHR)) by binding access rights not to individual identities, but to user attribute sets such as roles, specialties, or certifications. This data-centric cryptographic paradigm enables highly fine-grained, policy-driven access control, minimizing the need for identity management and supporting scalable multi-user scenarios. This paper presents a comprehensive and critical survey of ABE schemes developed specifically for EHR/PHR systems over the past decade. It explores the evolution of these schemes, analyzing their design principles, strengths, limitations, and the level of More >

Mekhled Alharbi^1,*, Khalid Haseeb², Mamoona Humayun^3,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.145, No.2, pp. 2601-2616, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.073039 - 26 November 2025

Abstract Emerging technologies and the Internet of Things (IoT) are integrating for the growth and development of heterogeneous networks. These systems are providing real-time devices to end users to deliver dynamic services and improve human lives. Most existing approaches have been proposed to improve energy efficiency and ensure reliable routing; however, trustworthiness and network scalability remain significant research challenges. In this research work, we introduce an AI-enabled Software-Defined Network (SDN)- driven framework to provide secure communication, trusted behavior, and effective route maintenance. By considering multiple parameters in the forwarder selection process, the proposed framework enhances network More >

Jingfu Yan, Huachun Zhou^*, Weilin Wang

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.49, pp. 499-531, 2025, DOI:10.32604/csse.2025.068151 - 10 October 2025

Abstract The 6G network architecture introduces the paradigm of Trust + Security, representing a shift in network protection strategies from external defense mechanisms to endogenous security enforcement. While ZTNs (zero-trust networks) have demonstrated significant advancements in constructing trust-centric frameworks, most existing ZTN implementations lack comprehensive integration of security deployment and traffic monitoring capabilities. Furthermore, current ZTN designs generally do not facilitate dynamic assessment of user reputation. To address these limitations, this study proposes a DPZTN (Data-plane-based Zero Trust Network). DPZTN framework extends traditional ZTN models by incorporating security mechanisms directly into the data plane. Additionally, blockchain infrastructure… More > Graphic Abstract

Rim Amdouni^1,2,*, Mahdi Madani³, Mohamed Ali Hajjaji^1,4, El Bay Bourennane³, Mohamed Atri⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.3, pp. 5527-5553, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.065356 - 30 July 2025

Abstract Ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of patient medical information is a critical priority in the healthcare sector. In the context of security, this paper proposes a novel encryption algorithm that integrates Blockchain technology, aiming to improve the security and privacy of transmitted data. The proposed encryption algorithm is a block-cipher image encryption scheme based on different chaotic maps: The logistic Map, the Tent Map, and the Henon Map used to generate three encryption keys. The proposed block-cipher system employs the Hilbert curve to perform permutation while a generated chaos-based S-Box is used to perform substitution.… More >

Yogendra P. S. Maravi^*, Nishchol Mishra

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.3, pp. 5517-5537, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063964 - 19 May 2025

Abstract The growing demand for international travel has highlighted the critical need for reliable tools to verify travelers’ healthcare status and meet entry requirements. Personal health passports, while essential, face significant challenges related to data silos, privacy protection, and forgery risks in global sharing. To address these issues, this study proposes a blockchain-based solution designed for the secure storage, sharing, and verification of personal health passports. This innovative approach combines on-chain and off-chain storage, leveraging searchable encryption to enhance data security and optimize blockchain storage efficiency. By reducing the storage burden on the blockchain, the system… More >