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  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Positive Effects of Biochar on the Degraded Forest Soil and Tree Growth in China: A Systematic Review

    Jingkang Zhang1, Shiyuan Zhang1, Changhao Niu1,2, Jiang Jiang1,2, Haijun Sun1,2,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1601-1616, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020323

    Abstract Soil degradation threatens the forest sustainable productivity, particularly in afforestation system. Biochar derived from agroforestry waste or biomass can potentially improve the degraded forest soil and promote the tree growth. To expand the application of biochar for forestry productivity improvement, we here reviewed the effects and the underlying mechanisms of biochar on the degraded forest soil and tree growth. Totally 96 studies that conducted from pot to field investigations in China were summarized. The result suggested that biochar generally exerted positive effects on restoration of degraded forest soil such as that with compaction, acidification or soil erosion, which are mainly… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Natural and Artificial Carbonaceous Substrates on Greenhouse Gas Fluxes

    Jürgen Kern1,*, Judy Libra1, Christian Ammon1, York Neubauer2, Wenceslau Teixeira3

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.7, pp. 1773-1786, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.019608

    Abstract The emissions of two greenhouse gases (GHG), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O), from six substrates with different carbonaceous content were compared in short and long-term incubation experiments. Three natural soils and three artificial chars were mixed with carbon (C) poor soil (Cambisol) to simulate real conditions after application of char to farmland. The natural soils were a Cambisol, an Anthrosol and a Histosol with C contents of 1.3%, 4.4% and 13.2%, respectively. The three chars produced through thermal conversion of wood chips by hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC), fluidized bed gasification and pyrolysis had C contents of 56.9%, 75.4% and… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    The Estimation of the Higher Heating Value of Biochar by Data-Driven Modeling

    Jiefeng Chen1, Lisha Ding1, Pengyu Wang1, Weijin Zhang2, Jie Li3, Badr A. Mohamed4, Jie Chen1, Songqi Leng1, Tonggui Liu1, Lijian Leng2,*, Wenguang Zhou1,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.6, pp. 1555-1574, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.018625

    Abstract Biomass is a carbon-neutral renewable energy resource. Biochar produced from biomass pyrolysis exhibits preferable characteristics and potential for fossil fuel substitution. For time- and cost-saving, it is vital to establish predictive models to predict biochar properties. However, limited studies focused on the accurate prediction of HHV of biochar by using proximate and ultimate analysis results of various biochar. Therefore, the multi-linear regression (MLR) and the machine learning (ML) models were developed to predict the measured HHV of biochar from the experiment data of this study. In detail, 52 types of biochars were produced by pyrolysis from rice straw, pig manure,… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Effect of Reaction-Finished Solution of Hydrochar (HRFS) Application on Rice Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Saline Soil

    Zhenghua Yi1, Paramsothy Jeyakumar2, Jiang Jiang1, Xiaomian Zhang3, Chunlei Yue3, Haijun Sun1,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.4, pp. 859-868, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018396

    Abstract We conducted a pot experiment to examine the feasibility of applying a reaction-finished solution of hydrochar (HRFS) to enhance rice production in a saline soil. With this purpose, HRFS was applied (0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mL/pot) and rice yield and nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) were determined. HRFS application significantly (P <0.05) increased rice grain yield by 19.6%–30.0% compared to the control treatment (CKU, with N but without HRFS addition). Moreover, HRFS application promoted plant height and straw biomass of rice. Increases of rice yield were mainly achieved by increases in the number of panicles and grains… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Recent Advance on Torrefaction Valorization and Application of Biochar from Agricultural Waste for Soil Remediation

    Kai Su*, Qirui Qin, Jingyu Yang, Linxiao Li, Shaoqi Deng

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.2, pp. 247-261, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.018146

    Abstract With the increase of global proportion of soil pollution and the number of areas at risk, researchers have sought to develop various pathways to repair or relieve the pollutants in soil. Among them, biochar represents one multidimensional soil amendment which has got great deal of attention on its physicochemical properties towards the removal or mitigation of contaminants in soil. A variety of agricultural wastes like straw and manure prepared from different torrefaction process have been employed as feedstock for the production of biochar, which can be applied to the contaminated soil to facilitate the growing environment for crops, and to… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Biochar can Increase Chinese Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) Yield, Decrease Nitrogen and Phosphorus Leaching Losses in Intensive Vegetable Soil

    Haijun Sun1,2, Paramsothy Jeyakumar3, Hongdong Xiao2, Xuewen Li2, Jiayou Liu2, Min Yu2, Prabal Bir Jung Rana1, Weiming Shi2,4,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.1, pp. 197-206, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.016492

    Abstract

    There are few evidences on the effect of biochar on vegetable yield, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) leaching losses under intensive vegetable production soil. The current field plot scale study evaluated responses of Chinese cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) yield, N and P leaching losses using five N treatments of common N application rate according to local farmers’ practice (N100%), reducing 20% or 40% N fertilizer (N80% and N60%), and reducing 40% N fertilizer but incorporating 10 or 20 t/ha biochar (N60% + BC10 and N60% + BC20). Results showed that N80% and N60% decreased both the cabbage economic and leaf… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Highly Efficient Adsorption of P-Xylene from Aqueous Solutions by Hierarchical Nanoporous Biochar Derived from Crab Shell

    Yingna Chen1, Hailong Zhang2, Jian Guo1, Lu Cai3, Yaning Wang4, Xinxin Yao5, Wendong Song6, Lili Ji4,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.10, pp. 1741-1755, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.015924

    Abstract The global consumption of p-xylene (PX) for the production of polymers has raised serious concerns about its impact on the environment. As various reports have shown the risks that PX could pose to human health, research into cost-effective remedial methods to remove PX from the environment has gained attraction. In this work, a hierarchical porous crab shell biochar (KCS) was synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for its effi- ciency to remove PX from aqueous solution. The characterizations of KCS, including the porous structure, surface functional group, phase structure, and surface morphology, were discussed by N2 adsorption-desorption, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Batch… More > Graphic Abstract

    Highly Efficient Adsorption of P-Xylene from Aqueous Solutions by Hierarchical Nanoporous Biochar Derived from Crab Shell

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Facile Preparation of a Porous Biochar Derived from Waste Crab Shell with High Removal Performance for Diesel

    Xiao Han1, Zhaodi Wu1, Yi Yang1, Jian Guo1, Yaning Wang2, Lu Cai3, Wendong Song4, Lili Ji2,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.8, pp. 1377-1391, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.015076

    Abstract In this study, a porous biochar material derived from waste crab shell was prepared by one-step hydrothermal carbonization and acetic acid activation method at 180°C, which was characterized by SEM, BET, XRD and FTIR. The results show that the as-prepared crab shell biochar (CSB) exhibits a fluffy irregular layered structure with abundant pores and oxygen-containing functional groups, which can facilitate the adsorption of diesel using CSB. In addition, batch adsorption experiments had been performed, effects of initial diesel concentration, adsorption time, adsorbent dosage and pH on the diesel adsorption using CSB were analyzed, which could be observed that CSB has… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Poultry Manure as an Organic Fertilizer with or without Biochar Amendment: Influence on Growth and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Lettuce and Spinach and Soil Nutrients

    Hira Javaid Siddiqui1, Shamim Gul1,2,*, Attiq-ur-Rehman Kakar3, Umbreen Shaheen4, Gul Bano Rehman1, Naqeebullah Khan3, Samiullah3

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 651-676, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.011413

    Abstract This pot-based study investigated the influence of poultry manure and 1:1 mixture of poultry manure + biochar (produced from farmyard manure [FYM] or wood), on the biomass production and concentration of heavy metals in leaves of lettuce and spinach. The concentration of mineral nitrogen (N) and soluble inorganic phosphorus (P) of soils cultivated with these vegetables was also investigated. The application of poultry manure or FYM biochar in soil as 10% (equivalent to 60 t ha–1 , an estimated 1726.8 kg ha–1 N in poultry manure and 1353.9 kg ha–1 N in FYM) and 15% amendment (equivalent to 90 t… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Influence of Biochar on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Root Morphology of Rice-Seedling in Two Contrasting Paddy Soils

    Lei Chu1,2, Yu Zhang1,2, Long Qian1,2, Dandan Zhu1,2, Haijun Sun1,2,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.4, pp. 1035-1042, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.014506

    Abstract Biochar may affect the root morphology and nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) of rice at seedling stage, which has not been clearly verified until now. To clarify it, we conducted a pot experiment regarding to two soil types (Hydragric Anthrosol and Haplic Acrisol), two biochar application rates (0.5 wt% and 1.5 wt %) and two rice varieties (common rice var. Xiushui134 and hybrid super rice var. Zhongkejiayou12-6) meanwhile. Seedling NUE of common rice Xiuhui134 was significantly increased (p < 0.05) by 78.2% in Hydragric Anthrosol and by 91.4% in Haplic Acrisol following biochar addition with 1.5 wt%. However, biochar addition… More >

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