Qionglin Luo¹, Mingliang Wang², Hui Zhang¹, Yuejun Ouyang¹, Hongwei Lin¹, You Shu^1,*, Shengpei Su^1,2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.12, pp. 2067-2076, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.016255

Abstract Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) is a thermoplastic material with complete degradability, high biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties. It can replace petroleum-based polymers are currently being used in the fields of packaging, agriculture, textiles, medical and so on. However, PLLA’s extremely flammability greatly limits its wider application. An bio-based flame retardant L-APP/PLLA composites was prepared by melt blending of the L-APP and PLLA. The morphology, impact properties, thermal properties and flame retardant properties of composites were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), impact tester, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), limiting oxygen indexer (LOI) and horizontalvertical burning tester. The… More > Graphic Abstract

Xinyi Chen^1,2, Antonio Pizzi^1,*, Xuedong Xi^1,2, Xiaojian Zhou², Emmanuel Fredon¹, Christine Gerardin³

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.6, pp. 1045-1057, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.015066

Abstract Soy-protein isolate (SPI) was used to prepare non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) thermosetting adhesives for wood panels by reacting it with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and hexamethylene diamine. Both linear as well as branched oligomers were obtained and identified, indicating how such oligomer structures could further cross-link to form a hardened network. Unusual structures were observed, namely carbamic acid-derived urethane linkages coupled with lactam structures. The curing of the adhesive was followed by thermomechanical analysis (TMA). It appeared to follow a two stages process: First, at a lower temperature (maximum 130°C), the growth of linear oligomers occurred, finally forming a physically entangled network.… More >

You Shu^1,2, Qionglin Luo², Hongwei Lin^2,*, Yuejun Ouyang², Xiaomin Zhang^1,2, Liping Sheng¹, Shengpei Su^1,2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.5, pp. 909-921, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.014216

Abstract Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been widely used in the fields of medical, food and packaging due to its excellent biocompatibility, good fiber-forming and film-forming properties. However, the high flammability of PVA has greatly limited its wider applications. The flame-retardant PVA was prepared by melt blending of a bio-based flame retardant (prepared from lignin, phosphoric acid and carbamide) with thermoplastic PVA (TPVA). The chemical structure, morphology, thermal properties, mechanical properties, fire property and fluidity of this flame retardant PVA were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope(SEM), thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA), impact tester, universal testing machine, horizontal-vertical burning tester,… More >

Yan Song^1,2, Zhixin Wang³, Xin Zhang⁴, Rong Zhang¹, Jinchun Li^1,2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.5, pp. 943-957, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.014131

Abstract Lignin is a natural biopolymer with a complex three-dimensional network, commercially obtained from waste liquid of paper pulp and bioethanol production, and could be a candidate for preparation of environment-friendly bio-based polyphenol material. In the present work, the demethylated wheat straw alkali lignin (D-Lig), prepared by demethylation of wheat straw alkali lignin (Lig) using an in-situ generated Lewis acid, was used to synthesize bio-based phenol formaldehyde resin adhesive (D-LPF) applied in plywood. Effects of synthetic process’s factors, including lignin substitution for phenol, NaOH concentration and molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol, on the bonding strength and free formaldehyde content of… More >

Khawla Essassi^1,2,*, Jean-Luc Rebiere¹, Abderrahim El Mahi¹, Mohamed Amine Ben Souf², Anas Bouguecha², Mohamed Haddar²

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.3, pp. 569-584, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.012253

Abstract Meta-sandwich composites with three-dimensional (3D) printed architecture structure are characterized by their high ability to absorb energy. In this paper, static and fatigue 3-point bending tests are implemented on a 3D printed sandwich composites with a re-entrant honeycomb core. The skins, core and whole sandwich are manufactured using the same bio-based material which is polylactic acid with flax fiber reinforcement. Experimental tests are performed in order to evaluate the durability and the ability of this material to dissipate energy. First, static tests are conducted to study the bending behaviour of the sandwich beams, as well as to determine the failure… More >

Jinxing Li¹, Jun Zhang^1,*, Yunxia Zhou¹, Zhaoling Zhou¹, Hisham Essawy², Xiaojian Zhou^1,*, Guanben Du¹

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.8, No.9, pp. 1019-1032, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2020.012374

Abstract Simple bio-based abrasive grinding wheel based on thermosetting resin matrix was developed starting with condensed tannin and furfuryl alcohol, which are mainly derived from forest and agricultural products like tree barks, wheat and crops. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) signified the acidic conditions are quiet efficient for the reaction of furfuryl alcohol, urea and glyoxal all together and the -CH₂-NH- and -CH₂-O-CH(OH)- groups are predominating in cross-linking of the tannin-furfuryl alcohol-urea-glyoxal (TFUG) resin. The strengthening contribution of the tannin was also confirmed by the preservation of its distinct crystallinity using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis… More >

Hongze Gang^1,2, Qiqi Zhang¹, Wei Wang¹, Bangxin Cai¹, Jinfeng Liu^1,2, Shizhong Yang^1,2, Bozhong Mu^1,2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.8, No.4, pp. 417-429, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2020.09201

Abstract Waste cooking oils and non-edible vegetable oils are abundant and renewable resources for bio-based materials which have showed great potential applications in many industries. In this study, five fatty acids commonly found in non-edible vegetable oils, including palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ricinoleic acid, and their mixtures, were used to produce bio-based zwitterionic surfactants through a facile and high-yield chemical modification. These surfactants demonstrated excellent surface/interfacial properties with the minimum surface tensions ranging from 28.4 mN/m to 32.8 mN/m in aqueous solutions. The interfacial tensions between crude oil and surfactant solutions were remarkably reduced to lower values… More >

Jie Xu^1,3, Jiayao Yang¹, Peng Lin², Xiaohuan Liu^1,*, Jinjie Zhang¹, Shenyuan Fu^1,*, Yuxun Tang^2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.12, pp. 1333-1346, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.07905

Abstract It is essential to design economic and efficient tougheners to prepare high-performance epoxy resin; however, this has remained a huge challenge. Herein, an eco-friendly, low-cost, and facile-fabricated bio-based hyperbranched toughener, carboxylic acid-functionalized tannic acid (CATA), was successfully prepared and applicated to the preparation of solvent-free epoxy resins. The mechanical performance, morphology, structural characterization, and thermal characterization of toughened epoxy resin system were studied. The toughened epoxy resin system with only 1.0wt% CATA reached the highest impact strength, 111% higher than the neat epoxy resin system. Notably, the tensile strength and elongation at break of toughened epoxy resin systems increased moderately… More >

Morgan Chabannes^1,2,*, Frédéric Becquart^1,2, Nor-Edine Abriak^1,2

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.9, pp. 855-863, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.06779

Abstract The return to old building methods by mixing crop by-products with mineral binders is arousing great interest in Europe since about 25 years. The use of these bio-aggregates based materials for the design of building envelopes is a valuable opportunity to deal with increasingly demanding thermal regulations. In addition, the regulatory framework is moving towards reducing the overall car-bon footprint of new buildings. Some traditional and historic buildings are based on timber framing with earth-straw as infill material for instance. Hemp concrete is a bio-based material that can be manually tamped in timber stud walls or more recently in the… More >

Dimitri Bigot^1,*, Cyril Ott¹, Stéphane Guichard¹, Bruno Malet-Damour¹

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.6, pp. 505-516, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.04019

Abstract The use of bio-based materials in buildings has become more and more significant last years. In most of the cases, their health properties and natural provenance have made them a great solution to face global climate warming and the new policies to reduce building energy consumption. In many thermal problems, bio-based materials can allow to optimize the building thermal behavior according to its energy consumption and inside comfort conditions. So it is when they are used as an insulation material in the building. However, it is not the case in this paper. In fact, the bio-based matter is rather used… More >