Myoung Cheol Shin¹, Tae-Kyeong Lee², Dae Won Kim³, Joon Ha Park⁴, Moo-Ho Won¹, Choong-Hyun Lee^5,*, Ji Hyeon Ahn^6,*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.6, pp. 1071-1083, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.065506 - 24 June 2025

Abstract Background: Astrocyte endfeet (AEF) serves as a key element of the blood-brain barrier and is important for the survival and maintenance of neuronal function. However, the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural changes of AEF in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus over time following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury have not been well elucidated. Objectives: We investigated chronological changes in AEF in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 area from 3 h to 10 days following transient forebrain ischemia (TFI), and examined their association with neuronal death and tissue repair following IR injury. Changes in the CA3 area… More >

Natalia Lehman, Agnieszka Bojarska-Junak, Michał Zarobkiewicz^*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.6, pp. 1085-1099, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.063960 - 24 June 2025

Abstract Introduction: Butyrophilins (BTNs) belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily; they play crucial roles in immune regulation, especially in γδ T cell activation. While their expression has been studied in solid tumours, their involvement in hematologic malignancies remains poorly understood. Objectives: We hypothesised that BTNs are dysregulated in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), contributing to γδ T cell dysfunction and potentially influencing disease progression. Methods: In this study, we analyzed publicly available microarray and RNA-seq datasets to investigate the expression patterns of BTN genes in CLL. Results: Our findings reveal significant dysregulation of BTN gene expression in CLL, with BTN2A1, BTN3A1, BTN3A2,… More >

Noverra Mardhatillah Nizardo^1,*, Alifah Nurul Saffanah¹, Annisa Fitri Salsabila¹, Amanda Aurellia Putri¹, Aniek Sri Handayani², Azizah Intan Pangesty³, Mochamad Chalid³

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.6, pp. 1209-1227, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0068 - 23 June 2025

Abstract Food packaging is becoming popular as the consumption of ready-to-eat food products rises. Easy-to-use, non-biodegradable plastic packaging is commonly used in food packaging, contributing to the deteriorating environmental situation. This issue increases the concern for the environment and encourages the usage of alternative materials. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are abundant and biodegradable, which makes them ideal candidates to replace plastic coatings. The ability to form H-bonds between the hydroxyl groups makes coated paper with CNF have good strength, but poor barrier properties. The barrier properties can be improved by grafting DMAEMA or HEMA onto CNF (CNF-g-PDMAEMA… More > Graphic Abstract

Sajjad Tariq A. Shafi, Mohammed K. Al-Saadi, Ameer Abed Jaddoa^*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.2, pp. 703-719, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.063118 - 25 April 2025

Abstract To improve the heat transfer rate and thermal performance of the solar air heater due to low efficiency, new techniques, such as artificial roughness, barriers, and obstacles, should be used to increase the heat exchange between the fluid and the absorber. In this research, perforated V-shaped blockages with new geometric shapes, which are circular, hexagonal, square, rectangular, and triangular, were used. They were fixed on the absorber plate inside the channel with dimensions of 1.5 m × 0.5 m × 0.05 m, which increased the exit temperature of the air passing through the channel. The… More > Graphic Abstract

Tareq Hamadneh¹, Belal Batiha², Omar Alsayyed³, Widi Aribowo⁴, Zeinab Montazeri⁵, Mohammad Dehghani^5,*, Frank Werner^6,*, Haider Ali⁷, Riyadh Kareem Jawad⁸, Ibraheem Kasim Ibraheem⁹, Kei Eguchi¹⁰

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.2, pp. 2677-2718, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.064087 - 16 April 2025

Abstract In this study, a completely different approach to optimization is introduced through the development of a novel metaheuristic algorithm called the Barber Optimization Algorithm (BaOA). Inspired by the human interactions between barbers and customers, BaOA captures two key processes: the customer’s selection of a hairstyle and the detailed refinement during the haircut. These processes are translated into a mathematical framework that forms the foundation of BaOA, consisting of two critical phases: exploration, representing the creative selection process, and exploitation, which focuses on refining details for optimization. The performance of BaOA is evaluated using 52 standard… More >

Deen Bandhu Dimri¹, Manisha Nigam^1,*, Naresh Singh¹, Shilpa Semwal¹, Marcello Iriti^2,3,*, Abhay Prakash Mishra⁴

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.3, pp. 1007-1027, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.061270 - 31 March 2025

Abstract Cornus capitata, commonly known as the Himalayan strawberry, is a dogwood species from the family Cornaceae. Dogwood plants have been used extensively to practice conventional medicine due to their biological activities; however, the mechanisms behind these activities, particularly in C. capitata, remain largely unexplored. This study focuses on the preliminary phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, anti-diabetic potential, and antimicrobial profiling of different extracts (i.e., leaves, bark, and fruit) from C. capitata to evaluate its potential pharmaceutical and medicinal applications. The in-vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay, Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and Superoxide Anion Scavenging assay.… More > Graphic Abstract

Haydar Abdulameer Marhoon^1,2,*, Rafid Sagban^3,4, Atheer Y. Oudah^1,5, Saadaldeen Rashid Ahmed^6,7

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.3, pp. 4181-4218, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.058822 - 06 March 2025

Abstract In order to address the critical security challenges inherent to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), this paper presents a groundbreaking barrier-based machine learning technique. Vital applications like military operations, healthcare monitoring, and environmental surveillance increasingly deploy WSNs, recognizing the critical importance of effective intrusion detection in protecting sensitive data and maintaining operational integrity. The proposed method innovatively partitions the network into logical segments or virtual barriers, allowing for targeted monitoring and data collection that aligns with specific traffic patterns. This approach not only improves the diversit. There are more types of data in the training set,… More >

Valentina Spanic^1,*, Zvonimir Lalic², Ivica Berakovic¹, Luka Drenjancevic², Goran Jukic², Ivan Varnica²

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.2, pp. 317-330, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.058201 - 06 March 2025

Abstract Enhanced grain yield is achieved in barley by developing varieties incorporating grain yield-related and morphological traits derived from different varieties. The evaluation of 28 morphological characteristics of 422 barley varieties was carried out to assess their changes over time from 1973 to 2023. Most barley yield improvement seems to have been achieved by changes in morphological traits where modern varieties out-yielded older varieties for more than 30% (from 1973 to 2023). According to the Pareto chart, the length of the first segment of the rachis was found to be the most important parameter that changed… More >

Sally Negm¹, Badwy Mohdly², Motrih Al-Mutiry³, Wael Shehata⁴, Karima Ahmed⁵, Mohamed Abou-Zeid^2,*, Rana Elessawy⁶, Ashgan Abdel-Azim⁵, Amr Abdel-Fattah², Amani Omar Abuzaid⁷, Enas A. Almanzalawi⁷, Tahani M. Alqahtani⁷, Shouaa A. Alrobaish⁸, Diaa Abd El Moneim⁹, Ahmed M. Abbas^10,11, Mohammed O. Alshaharni¹⁰, Huda Alghamdi¹⁰, Shaimaa G. Salama¹², Kairy Amer⁵

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.2, pp. 347-377, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.057448 - 06 March 2025

Abstract Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a significant global crop that thrives in various climatic and drought-stress conditions. Furthermore, increased drought intervals and more significant weather variability resulting from climate change can affect the severity of plant diseases. Therefore, two primary objectives of integrated disease management regarding climate change are identifying cultivars resistant to foliar diseases and understanding disease progression under abiotic stress. In the current study, we assessed the quantitative foliar disease resistance of 17 commercial barley cultivars under both normal and water stress conditions over two growing seasons (from 2020/21 to 2021/22). The findings demonstrated… More >

David Njuguna^*, John Ndia

Journal of Cyber Security, Vol.7, pp. 1-20, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jcs.2025.059398 - 18 February 2025

Abstract A quick response code is a barcode that allows users to instantly access information via a digital device. Quick response codes store data as pixels in a square-shaped grid. QR codes are prone to cyber-attacks. This assault exploits human vulnerabilities, as users can scarcely discern what is concealed in the quick response code prior to usage. The aim of the study was to investigate Quick Response code attack types and the detection techniques. To achieve the objective, 50 relevant studies published between the year 2010 and 2024 were identified. The articles were obtained from the… More >