Xiaodong Shi^1,*, Yue Qi¹, Liangzhu Lin¹, Jia Wang¹, Xiaobo Qin², Bei Niu^3,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.11, pp. 3149-3162, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.027324

Abstract Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is a dual-purpose medicinal and food crop grown for its high contents of functional compounds and abundant nutrients. Although studies have shown the differences of total flavonoid content in Tartary buckwheat at different ploidy levels, the composition of flavonoid and its regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, the leaf metabolome and transcriptome of diploid and tetraploid accessions of Tartary buckwheat were analyzed to gain insight into the impact of polyploidization on comparative secondary metabolite composition and molecular regulatory mechanism. Based on a widely targeted metabolomics analysis, a total of 792 metabolites were identified, including… More >

Tao Zhang^*, Hongbing Yang

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1643-1658, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.019572

Abstract Salt stress is one of the most serious abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and development. Calcium as an essential nutrient element and important signaling molecule plays an important role in ameliorating the adverse effect of salinity on plants. This study aimed to investigate the impact of exogenous calcium on improving salt tolerance in Tartary buckwheat cultivars, cv. Xinong9920 (salt-tolerant) and cv. Xinong9909 (salt-sensitive). Four-week-old Tartary buckwheat seedlings under 100 mM NaCl stress were treated with and without exogenous calcium chloride (CaCl₂), Ca²⁺ chelator ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and Ca²⁺-channel blocker lanthanum chloride (LaCl₃) for 10 days. Then, some important… More >

Dabing Xiang^1,#, Yue Song^1,#, Chao Song², Yan Wan¹, Xueling Ye¹, Changying Liu¹, Chenggang Liang³, Gang Zhao^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1659-1669, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020338

Abstract A low seed-setting rate is the main limiting factor influencing Tartary buckwheat production under high-yield cultivation conditions. To investigate the seed setting and its spatial characteristics, two Tartary buckwheat cultivars (high seed-setting rate cultivar Qianku 3; low seed-setting rate cultivar Liuku 3) were compared by a two-year field trial in 2017 and 2018. The results showed that the Tartary buckwheat underwent simultaneous flowering and fruiting. Flowers, generated from branch, were still blooming during the mature stage of grains on stem, which resulting in a greater number of flowers and grains on the branch than those on the stem at the… More >

Wadhah Zeyad Tareq^*, Mehmet Fatih Amasyali

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.2, pp. 2401-2414, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020036

Abstract The main idea of reinforcement learning is evaluating the chosen action depending on the current reward. According to this concept, many algorithms achieved proper performance on classic Atari 2600 games. The main challenge is when the reward is sparse or missing. Such environments are complex exploration environments like Montezuma’s Revenge, Pitfall, and Private Eye games. Approaches built to deal with such challenges were very demanding. This work introduced a different reward system that enables the simple classical algorithm to learn fast and achieve high performance in hard exploration environments. Moreover, we added some simple enhancements to several hyperparameters, such as… More >

Chenggang Liang^1,#, Chunyu Wei^1,#, Yan Wang^1,*, Wujuan Yu¹, Kai Liao¹, Taoxiong Shi¹, Dabing Xiang^2,3, Qijiao Chen¹

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.3, pp. 871-893, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.014242

Abstract Rice-Tartary buckwheat (RTB) is a special germplasm of Tartary buckwheat. In this study, the appraisal of taste quality between RTB and conventional Tartary buckwheat (CTB) was presented, and the metabolites in kernels at three typical grain filling stage (GFS) were investigated. Unlike CTB, RTB showed thin shell seeds without longitudinal furrows at maturity, which was easily artificially dehulled. Sense organ test indicated that RTB exhibited better taste quality because of the higher values of appearance, viscosity, taste and summary were appraised. In total, 92 metabolites were identified in kernels using GM-MS metabolomics platform. The levels of most metabolites changed greatly… More >